Physics for Scientists and Engineers
6th Edition
ISBN: 9781429281843
Author: Tipler
Publisher: MAC HIGHER
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Chapter 18, Problem 10P
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5. (a) How much heat transfer occurs to the environment by an electrical power station that uses1.25 × 10^14 J of heat transfer into the engine with an efficiency of 42.0%? (b) What is the ratioof heat transfer to the environment to work output? (c) How much work is done?
The first law of thermodynamics relates the heat transfer into or out of a system to the change of internal and the work done on the system.
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A great deal of effort, time, and money has been spent in the quest for the so-called perpetual-motion machine, which is defined as a hypothetical machine that operates or produces useful work indefinitely and/or a hypothetical machine that produces more work or energy than it consumes. Explain, in terms of heat engines and the first law of thermodynamics, why orwhy not such a machine is likely to be constructed.
Chapter 18 Solutions
Physics for Scientists and Engineers
Ch. 18 - Prob. 1PCh. 18 - Prob. 2PCh. 18 - Prob. 3PCh. 18 - Prob. 4PCh. 18 - Prob. 5PCh. 18 - Prob. 6PCh. 18 - Prob. 7PCh. 18 - Prob. 8PCh. 18 - Prob. 9PCh. 18 - Prob. 10P
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- The insulated cylinder shown below is closed at both ends and contains an insulating piston that is flee to move on frictionless bearings. The piston divides the chamber into two compartments containing gases A and B. Originally, each compartment has a volume of 5.0102 m3 and contains a monatomic ideal gas at a temperature of and a pressure of 1.0 atm. (a) How many moles of gas are in each compartment? (b) Heat Q is slowly added to A so that it expands and B is compressed until the pressure of both gases is 3.0 atm. Use the fact that the compression of B is adiabatic to determine the final volume of both gases. (c) What are their final temperatures? (d) What is the value of Q?arrow_forwardMany decisions are made on the basis of the payback period: the time it will take through savings to equal the capital cost of an investment. Acceptable payback times depend upon the business or philosophy one has. For some industries, a payback period is as small as 2 yeas) Suppose you wish to install the extra insulation in the preceding problem. If energy cost $1.00 per million joules and the insulation was $4.00 per square meter, then calculate the simple payback time. Take the average T for the 120-day heating season to be 15.0 .arrow_forwardIn performing 100.0 J of work, an engine discharges 50.0 J of heat. What is the efficiency of the engine?arrow_forward
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- (a) How much heat transfer occurs to the environment by an electrical power station that uses 1.25×1014 J of heat transfer into the engine with an efficiency of 42.0%? (b) What is the ratio of heat transfer to the environment to work output? (c) How much work is done?arrow_forwardThe second principle of thermodynamics implies that (a) thermal energy cannot be entirely converted into non-thermal forms of energy. (b) in every physical process, the total amount of energy must remain unchanged. (c) non-thermal forms of energy cannot be entirely converted into thermal forms of energy. (d) in physical process in which heat is produced, the total amount of energy is reduced by an amount equal to amount of heat produced. (e) from the microscopic point of view, thermal energy is just kinetic energy of individual atoms and molecules.arrow_forward(a) How much heat transfer occurs to the environment by an electrical power station that uses 1.25 × 1014 J of heat transfer into the engine with an efficiency of 42.0%? (b) What is the ratio of heat transfer to the environment to work output? (c) How much work is done?arrow_forward
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