Pearson eText Human Physiology: An Integrated Approach -- Instant Access (Pearson+)
8th Edition
ISBN: 9780135212905
Author: Dee Silverthorn
Publisher: PEARSON+
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Chapter 18, Problem 10RQ
Concept map: Construct a map of gas transport using the following terms. You may add other terms.
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A. Which process is portrayed in the graph? Provide an explanation
B. How does the gas level (mL) of O2 and CO2 compare over time (hours)? What do the results indicate about the process?
Concept map: construct a map of gas transport using the following terms. alveoli, arterial blood, carbaminohemoglobin, carbonic anhydrase, chloride shift, dissolved CO2, dissolved O2, hemoglobin, hemoglobin saturation, oxyhemoglobin, Pco2, plasma, Po2, pressure gradient, red blood cell, and venous blood. You may also add other terms.
Chapter 18 Solutions
Pearson eText Human Physiology: An Integrated Approach -- Instant Access (Pearson+)
Ch. 18.1 - Cellular metabolism review: which of the following...Ch. 18.1 - Why doesnt the movement of oxygen from the alveoli...Ch. 18.1 - If nitrogen is 78% of atmospheric air, what is the...Ch. 18.1 - At the summit of Mt. Everest, an altitude of 8850...Ch. 18.1 - Prob. 5CCCh. 18.1 - If alveolar ventilation increases, what happens to...Ch. 18.1 - True or false? Plasma with a PO2 of 40 mm Hg and a...Ch. 18.1 - A saline solution is exposed to a mixture of...Ch. 18.2 - Can a person breathing 100% oxygen at sea level...Ch. 18.2 - What effect does hyperventilation have on the...
Ch. 18.2 - A muscle that is actively contracting may have a...Ch. 18.2 - How would an obstruction of the airways affect...Ch. 18 - List five factors that influence the diffusion of...Ch. 18 - Prob. 2RQCh. 18 - Prob. 3RQCh. 18 - Describe the structure of a hemoglobin molecule....Ch. 18 - Prob. 5RQCh. 18 - Describe the chemoreceptors that influence...Ch. 18 - Describe the protective reflexes of the...Ch. 18 - What causes the exchange of oxygen and carbon...Ch. 18 - List five possible physical changes that could...Ch. 18 - Concept map: Construct a map of gas transport...Ch. 18 - Prob. 11RQCh. 18 - Prob. 12RQCh. 18 - Prob. 13RQCh. 18 - Define hypoxia, COPD, and hypercapnia.Ch. 18 - Why did oxygen-transporting molecules evolve in...Ch. 18 - Draw and label the following graphs: a. the effect...Ch. 18 - Prob. 17RQCh. 18 - Prob. 18RQCh. 18 - Create reflex pathways (stimulus, receptor,...Ch. 18 - Prob. 20RQCh. 18 - Which person carries more oxygen in his blood? a....Ch. 18 - What would happen to each of the following...Ch. 18 - In early research on the control of rhythmic...Ch. 18 - Prob. 24RQCh. 18 - Prob. 25RQCh. 18 - Prob. 26RQCh. 18 - Prob. 27RQCh. 18 - Prob. 28RQCh. 18 - Adolph Fick, the nineteenth-century physiologist...Ch. 18 - Prob. 30RQ
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- Discuss oxygen circlearrow_forwardGiven: Under normal circumstances the partial pressure of oxygen in air is approximately 160 mmHg. Let’s assume in the alveoli it drops to 100 mmHg when a person breaths 12x per minute. At the end of a 1-mile sprint a person is breathing 60x per minute, but, due to the decrease in the amount of time each breath spends in the lungs, the oxygen partial pressure is only drops to 140 mmHg before exhalation. a. How much has the amount of oxygen diffused through the alveoli increased or decreased? (Answer part a )arrow_forwardUsing the information below, calculate the Oxygen Diffusion Driving Force (mmHg), which is the pressure gradient that drives O₂ out of the alveoli and into the blood (calculated as PAO₂- PVO₂): Barometric Pressure at Salt Lake City, UT= 4,226 ft. (1,288 m)→→ 657 mmHg . Estimated mixed-venous PO2 of blood returning to the lungs after leaving the muscle (PvO₂) at rest, measured at Salt Lake City, UT: PvO2 = 36 mmHg O 90 mmHg O 54 mmHg O 36 mmHg O 29 mmHgarrow_forward
- Explain the conditions which creates problems in oxygen transport.arrow_forwardThe diffusion coefficient of a gas is a constant and is not affected by disease states or treatment options. In contrast the other factors that determine gas diffusion through the respiratory membrane is affected by changes.Name the factors that can cause an increase in the diffusion rate through the respiratory membrane and provide detailed examples of conditions that will cause this increase.arrow_forwardDiscuss the regulation on respiration by explaining the picture below. Make it brief yet substantialarrow_forward
- Identify 3 physical conditions that can optimize rate of diffusion of a gas across a membrane, and relate these to Fick’s Law of Diffusion.arrow_forwardCreate a (hand drawn) flow diagram showing how gases enter, travel, and exit the body of the following vertebrates: fish, frogs, turtles, birds, humans. Use keywords and arrows only.arrow_forwarda.What is the difference between the 5th and 6 coordination sites in the heme group? b.What is the change of the oxygen dissociation curve represented by hemoglobin before and after dissociation into subunits? Briefly explain why.arrow_forward
- (a) The partial pressure of CO2 in the lungs can be varied rapidly by the rate and depth of breathing. For example, a common remedy to alleviate hiccups is to increase the concentration of CO2 in the lungs. This can be achieved by holding one’s breath, by very slow and shallow breathing (hypoventilation), or by breathing in and out of a paper bag.Under such conditions, pCO2 in the air space of the lungs rises above normal. Qualitatively explain the effect of these procedures on the blood pH.(b) A common practice of competitive short-distance runners is to breathe rapidly and deeply (hyperventilate) for about half a minute to remove CO2from their lungs just before the race begins. Blood pH may rise to 7.60. Explain why the blood pH increases.(c) During a short-distance run, the muscles produce a large amount of lactic acid (CH2CH(OH)COOH; K2 = 1.38 × 10 –4 M) from their glucose stores. Why might hyperventilation before a dash be useful?arrow_forwardCompare the structure and function of hemoglobin and myoglobin. Which oxygen binding curve in the graph below belongs to myoglobin and which to hemoglobin? Please specify. Explain the effect of pH on oxygen binding to hemoglobin, and show on the graph in which direction the pH will shift if it falls below the physiological pH value (7.4).arrow_forwardincluding Fick's law, what are three physical conditions that can optimize the rate of diffusion of a gas across a membrane?arrow_forward
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