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Concept explainers
a.
To determine: The similarities and differences between the transport of O2 and CO2 in arterial blood.
Introduction: Hemoglobin is an iron-containing protein. Hemoglobin is the carrier of oxygen. Hemoglobin binds with oxygen and forms oxyhemoglobin. It is transported via blood throughout the body cells.
b.
To determine: The similarities and differences between partial pressure and concentration of a gas dissolved in a liquid.
Introduction: Solubility is the ease with which a gas dissolves in a liquid. The concentration of dissolved oxygen depends on the solubility of oxygen in that liquid. If gas is very soluble, a large number of gas molecules are present in the solution.
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Chapter 18 Solutions
Pearson eText Human Physiology: An Integrated Approach -- Instant Access (Pearson+)
- Explain what a partial pressure gradient is and how such gradients figure in gas exchange.arrow_forwardThe following factors affect the oxygen hemoglobin curve (unloading of O2) EXCEPT: a. Temperature. b. PH. c. Diphosphoglycerate. d. Tidal volume.arrow_forwardCreate a (hand drawn) flow diagram showing how gases enter, travel, and exit the body of the following vertebrates: fish, frogs, turtles, birds, humans. Use keywords and arrows only.arrow_forward
- A common laboratory test for a patient is to measure blood gases—that is, the partial pressures of O 2 and CO 2 in oxygenated blood. Normal values are 100 mm Hg for O 2and 40 mm Hg for CO 2. A high or low level of one or both readings has some underlying cause. Offer an explanation for each of the following situations. a. If a patient comes in agitated and hyperventilating—breathing very rapidly—the partial pressure of O 2 is normal but the partial pressure of CO 2 is 22 mm Hg. b. A patient with chronic lung disease has a partial pressure of O 2 of 60 mm Hg and a partial pressure of CO 2of 60 mm Hg.arrow_forwardWhich of the following gas laws states that in a mixture of gases the total pressure is equal to the sum of the partial pressure of each gas? A. Dalton's law C. Charles' law B. Gay-Lussac's law D. Boyle's lawarrow_forwardExplain why the gas values from the alveolar air to the blood change during pulmonary gas exchange. For example: Alveolar air for CO2 has a value of 40mmHg then when entering the blood shifts to 45mmHg. Why does this occur? I tried to calculate this by using Dalton’s law but I’m not Understanding.arrow_forward
- Match the Law/Effect with its definition/description A. Boyle’s Law B. Henry’s Law C. Dalton’s Law D. Haldane Effect E. Bohr Effect 1. The pressure of a gas is inversely proportional to its volume 2. A lower, more acidic pH promotes oxygen dissociation from hemoglobin 3. Hemoglobin saturated with oxygen has a low affinity for carbon dioxide 4. The concentration of a gas in a liquid is directly proportional to the solubility and partial pressure of that gas 5. The total pressure exerted by a mixture of gases is the sum of the partial pressures of the gases in the mixturearrow_forwardMake a list of the different physiological equations: Fick equation for oxygen diffusion = Simple estimation for heart rate max = Equation to convert absolute VO2 (Liters of O2/min) to relative VO2 (ml/kg/min) =arrow_forwardfollowing gas exchange in the lungs blood returns to the left side of the heart and it's distributed through the aorta to the systemic tissues of the body. What is the pressure of oxygen in the blood that is being delivered to the systemic tissues? 46mmHg, 104mmHg, or 95mmHg.arrow_forward
- List the 4 different types of gas exchange systems. Then, describe eacharrow_forwardWhich of the following will cause the largest increase in systemic arterial oxygen saturation in the blood?a. an increase in red cell concentration (hematocrit) of 20%b. breathing 100% O2 in a healthy subject at sea levelc. an increase in arterial PO2 from 40 to 60 mmHgd. hyperventilation in a healthy subject at sea levele. breathing a gas with 5% CO2, 21% O2, and 74% N2 at sea levelarrow_forwardThe time it takes for blood to pass through the capillaries of a pulmonary alveolus typically is less than 0.3 seconds. During this time, what will occur? Select one: a. The blood plasma will be cleansed of its entire CO2 content and will be saturated with O2. b. An enzyme will catalyze the conversion of oxyhemoglobin to carboaminohemoglobin. c. Blood will pick up CO2 and O2 will be released to the alveolus. d. Blood will pick up O2 and CO2 will be released to the alveolus.I think this is C or D tell me the answer and whyarrow_forward
- Human Physiology: From Cells to Systems (MindTap ...BiologyISBN:9781285866932Author:Lauralee SherwoodPublisher:Cengage LearningHuman Biology (MindTap Course List)BiologyISBN:9781305112100Author:Cecie Starr, Beverly McMillanPublisher:Cengage Learning
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