CAMPBELL'S BIOLOGY 12E PERUSALL
12th Edition
ISBN: 9780135858080
Author: Urry
Publisher: PERUSALL
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Chapter 18, Problem 11TYU
draw it The diagram below shows five genes, including their enhancers, from the genome of a certain species. Imagine that yellow, blue, green, black, red, and purple activator proteins exist that can bind to the appropriately color-coded control elements in the enhancers of these genes.
(a) Draw an X above enhancer elements (of all the genes) that would have activators bound in a cell in which only gene 5 is transcribed. Identify which colored activators would be present.
- (b) Draw a dot above all enhancer elements that would have activators bound in a cell in which the green, blue, and yellow activators are present. Identify which gene(s) would be transcribed.
- (c) Imagine that genes 1,2, and 4 code for nerve-specific proteins, and genes 3 and 5 are skin specific. Identify which activators would have to be present in each cell type to ensure transcription of the appropriate genes.
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The following diagram illustrates four genes from the genome of a certain insect. Different binding
sites are labeled in the enhancer region of each gene.
enhancer
promoter
ABC D E
Gene 1
A
D
Gene 2
АС
DE
Gene 3
ABD
Gene 4
In order for a specific gene to be expressed in the insect's cells, all of the gene's binding sites must
be bound by transcriptional activators.
• The insect's brain cells contain activators that bind to sites A, C, D, and E
• The insect's salivary gland cells contain activators that bind to sites A, B, and D
Which of the following is the most likely pattern of gene expression for the insect described above?
Gene 2 will be expressed in both brain and salivary gland cells
Both gene 1 and gene 4 will be expressed in salivary glands, but neither will be expressed in brain cells
Gene 1 will be expressed in both brain and salivary glands
Both gene 2 and gene 3 will be expressed in brain cells, but neither will be expressed in salivary gland cells
1. - Which factor(s)/protein(s) would you expect to occur at positions C and G ? (name them)
2. - Would you expect e1, e2, or e3 to be an enhancer for gene t? (explain briefly)
3. - Which genes would you expect to be most likely regulated by enhancer e1? (explain briefly)
4. - In this example genes t - x are expressed but genes y and z are not transcribed. At which position would you expect to see a sharp transition between the chromatin marks H3K27me3 and H3K36me3? (name the position, A - I).
Now read this abstract from a 2013 journal article What is the authors' explanation of how Gal80p works?
Note UASG from the question above is the same as UASGAL
The DNA-binding transcriptional activator Gal4 and its regulators Gal80 and Gal3 constitute a galactose-responsive switch for
the GAL genes of Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Gal4 binds to GAL gene UASGAL. (upstream activation sequence in GAL gene pro-
moter) sites as a dimer via its N-terminal domain and activates transcription via a C-terminal transcription activation domain
(AD). In the absence of galactose, a Gal80 dimer binds to a dimer of Gal4, masking the Gal4AD. Galactose triggers Gal3-Gal80
interaction to rapidly initiate Gal4-mediated transcription activation. Just how Gal3 alters Gal80 to relieve Gals0 inhibition of
Gal4 has been unknown, but previous analyses of Gal80 mutants suggested a possible competition between Gal3-Gal80 and
Gal80 self-association interactions. Here we assayed Gal80-Gal80 interactions and tested for…
Chapter 18 Solutions
CAMPBELL'S BIOLOGY 12E PERUSALL
Ch. 18.1 - How does binding of the trp corepressor to the trp...Ch. 18.1 - Describe the binding of RNA Polymerase,...Ch. 18.1 - WHAT IF? A certain mutation in E. coli changes...Ch. 18.2 - In general, what are the effects of histone...Ch. 18.2 - MAKE CONNECTIONS Speculate about whether the same...Ch. 18.2 - Compare the roles of general and specific...Ch. 18.2 - Once mRNA encoding a particular protein reaches...Ch. 18.2 - WHAT IF? Suppose you compared the nucleotide...Ch. 18.3 - Compare miRNAs and siRNAs, including their...Ch. 18.3 - WH AT IF? Suppose the mRNA being degraded in...
Ch. 18.3 - Prob. 3CCCh. 18.4 - MAKE CONNECTIONS As you learned in Chapter 12,...Ch. 18.4 - MAKE CONNECTIONS Explain how the signaling...Ch. 18.4 - How do fruit fly maternal effect genes determine...Ch. 18.4 - Prob. 4CCCh. 18.5 - Prob. 1CCCh. 18.5 - Under what circumstances is cancer considered to...Ch. 18.5 - MAKE CONNECTIONS The p53 protein can activate...Ch. 18 - Compare and contrast the roles of a corepressor...Ch. 18 - Describe what must happen in a cell for a gene...Ch. 18 - Why are miRNAs called noncoding RNAs? Explsin how...Ch. 18 - Describe the two main processes that cause...Ch. 18 - Compare the usual functions of proteins encoded by...Ch. 18 - If a particular operon encodes enzymes for making...Ch. 18 - Muscle cells differ from nerve cells mainly...Ch. 18 - The functioning of enhancers is an example of (A)...Ch. 18 - Cell differentiation always involves (A)...Ch. 18 - Which of the following is an example of...Ch. 18 - What would occur if the repressor of an inducible...Ch. 18 - Absence of bicoid in mRNA from a Drosophila egg...Ch. 18 - Which of the following statements about the DNA in...Ch. 18 - Within a cell, the amount of protein made using a...Ch. 18 - Prob. 10TYUCh. 18 - draw it The diagram below shows five genes,...Ch. 18 - Prob. 12TYUCh. 18 - SCIENCE. TECHNOLOGY, AND SOCIETY Trace amounts of...Ch. 18 - WRITE ABOUT A THEME: INTERACTIONS In a Short essay...Ch. 18 - SYNTHESIZE YOUR KNOWLEDGE The flashlight fish has...
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