CHEMISTRY: THE MOLECULAR NATURE OF MATTE
CHEMISTRY: THE MOLECULAR NATURE OF MATTE
9th Edition
ISBN: 9781265974688
Author: SILBERBERG
Publisher: MCG
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Chapter 18, Problem 18.185P

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The given acids have to be ranked in the increasing order of Ka.

Concept Introduction:

Consider the following acid dissociation reaction.

  HA(aq) + H2O(l)  H3O+(aq) + A-(aq)

Where,

    HA = acidA- = conjugate base of the acid HA

The equilibrium constant for the reaction can be written as follows,

  K=[H3O+][A-][HA][H2O]

The concentration of water is taken as unity. So the new equilibrium constant, the acid dissociation constant (Ka) takes the value as follows,

  K×1 = Ka=[H3O+][A-][HA]

For strong acids the dissociation will be more, so more H3O+ is produced. Hence larger value of Ka is obtained.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The given acids are ranked in the increasing order pKa.

Concept Introduction:

Consider the following acid dissociation reaction.

  HA(aq) + H2O(l)  H3O+(aq) + A-(aq)

Where,

  HA = acidA- = conjugate base of the acid HA

The equilibrium constant for the reaction can be written as follows,

  K=[H3O+][A-][HA][H2O]

The concentration of water is taken as unity. So the new equilibrium constant, the acid dissociation constant (Ka) takes the value as follows,

  K×1 = Ka=[H3O+][A-][HA]

For strong acids the dissociation will be more, so more H3O+ is produced. Hence larger value of Ka is obtained.

pKa value is also used to express the strength of acids. The expression pKa is given below.

  pKa = - log10Ka

As the acid strength increases, Ka increases hence pKa decreases.

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The conjugate base of the given acids has to be ranked in the increasing order of pKb.

Concept Introduction:

Consider the following acid dissociation reaction.

  HA(aq) + H2O(l)  H3O+(aq) + A-(aq)

Where,

  HA = acidA- = conjugate base of the acid HA

There is relationship between Ka and Kb of HA and A-. This is obtained by adding the dissociation reaction of both HA and A- in water as follows,

  HA + H2 H3O+A-A- + H2 HA + OH-2 H2 H3O+ + OH-

Sum of these two reactions is equal to the self-ionization of water. Hence equilibrium constant for the ionization of water can be written as the product of the equilibrium constant for these two reaction as follows,

  Kw = Ka (of HA) × Kb (of  A-)

From the equation it is clear that Ka and Kb have inverse relation. Hence the value of  pKa and pKb have inverse relation.

(d)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The percentage dissociation of HX has to be calculated.

Concept Introduction:

Consider the following acid dissociation reaction.

  HA(aq) + H2O(l)  H3O+(aq) + A-(aq)

Where,

  HA = acidA- = conjugate base of the acid HA

The percentage dissociation of a particular acid can be calculated as follows,

  percentage dissociation =  amount of acid dissociatedtotal amount of acid present initially×100 %

(e)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The highest HY and lowest pH solution containing equimolar amounts of sodium salts of acids

Concept Introduction:

Consider the following reaction of sodium salt of acid in water.

  NaA + H2 Na+ + A- + H+ + OH-

The pH of the solution depends on the strength of HA. NaOH will always exist as ions since it is a strong base. But depending on the strength of acid the dissociation of HA varies.

The HY value of base can be calculated from [OH-] as follows,

  pOH = - log10[OH-]

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Chapter 18 Solutions

CHEMISTRY: THE MOLECULAR NATURE OF MATTE

Ch. 18.5 - Prob. 18.6AFPCh. 18.5 - Prob. 18.6BFPCh. 18.5 - Prob. 18.7AFPCh. 18.5 - Prob. 18.7BFPCh. 18.5 - Prob. 18.8AFPCh. 18.5 - Prob. 18.8BFPCh. 18.5 - Prob. 18.9AFPCh. 18.5 - Prob. 18.9BFPCh. 18.7 - Prob. 18.10AFPCh. 18.7 - Prob. 18.10BFPCh. 18.7 - Prob. 18.11AFPCh. 18.7 - Prob. 18.11BFPCh. 18.8 - Prob. 18.12AFPCh. 18.8 - Prob. 18.12BFPCh. 18.8 - Prob. 18.13AFPCh. 18.8 - Prob. 18.13BFPCh. 18.10 - Prob. 18.14AFPCh. 18.10 - Prob. 18.14BFPCh. 18 - Prob. 18.1PCh. 18 - Prob. 18.2PCh. 18 - Prob. 18.3PCh. 18 - Prob. 18.4PCh. 18 - Prob. 18.5PCh. 18 - Prob. 18.6PCh. 18 - Which of the following are Arrhenius...Ch. 18 - Prob. 18.8PCh. 18 - Prob. 18.9PCh. 18 - A Brønstcd-Lowry acid-base reaction proceeds in...Ch. 18 - Prob. 18.11PCh. 18 - Give the formula of the conjugate...Ch. 18 - Give the formula of the conjugate base: Ch. 18 - Give the formula of the conjugate...Ch. 18 - Prob. 18.15PCh. 18 - Prob. 18.16PCh. 18 - In each equation, label the acids, bases, and...Ch. 18 - Prob. 18.18PCh. 18 - Prob. 18.19PCh. 18 - Prob. 18.20PCh. 18 - Prob. 18.21PCh. 18 - Prob. 18.22PCh. 18 - The following aqueous species constitute two...Ch. 18 - Prob. 18.24PCh. 18 - Use Figure 18.8 to determine whether Kc > 1...Ch. 18 - Prob. 18.26PCh. 18 - Prob. 18.27PCh. 18 - Prob. 18.28PCh. 18 - Prob. 18.29PCh. 18 - Prob. 18.30PCh. 18 - Which solution has the higher pH? Explain. A 0.1 M...Ch. 18 - Prob. 18.32PCh. 18 - Prob. 18.33PCh. 18 - Prob. 18.34PCh. 18 - Prob. 18.35PCh. 18 - Prob. 18.36PCh. 18 - Prob. 18.37PCh. 18 - Prob. 18.38PCh. 18 - Prob. 18.39PCh. 18 - The two molecular scenes shown depict the relative...Ch. 18 - Prob. 18.41PCh. 18 - Prob. 18.42PCh. 18 - Prob. 18.43PCh. 18 - Prob. 18.44PCh. 18 - Prob. 18.45PCh. 18 - (a) What is the pH of 0.0111 M NaOH? Is the...Ch. 18 - (a) What is the pH of 0.0333 M HNO3? Is the...Ch. 18 - Prob. 18.48PCh. 18 - (a) What is the pH of 7.52×10−4 M CsOH? Is the...Ch. 18 - Prob. 18.50PCh. 18 - Prob. 18.51PCh. 18 - Prob. 18.52PCh. 18 - Prob. 18.53PCh. 18 - Prob. 18.54PCh. 18 - Prob. 18.55PCh. 18 - Prob. 18.56PCh. 18 - Prob. 18.57PCh. 18 - Prob. 18.58PCh. 18 - Prob. 18.59PCh. 18 - Prob. 18.60PCh. 18 - Prob. 18.61PCh. 18 - Prob. 18.62PCh. 18 - Prob. 18.63PCh. 18 - Prob. 18.64PCh. 18 - Prob. 18.65PCh. 18 - Prob. 18.66PCh. 18 - Prob. 18.67PCh. 18 - Hypochlorous acid, HClO, has a pKa of 7.54. What...Ch. 18 - Prob. 18.69PCh. 18 - Prob. 18.70PCh. 18 - Prob. 18.71PCh. 18 - Prob. 18.72PCh. 18 - Prob. 18.73PCh. 18 - Prob. 18.74PCh. 18 - Prob. 18.75PCh. 18 - Prob. 18.76PCh. 18 - Prob. 18.77PCh. 18 - Prob. 18.78PCh. 18 - Prob. 18.79PCh. 18 - Prob. 18.80PCh. 18 - Prob. 18.81PCh. 18 - Formic acid, HCOOH, the simplest carboxylic acid,...Ch. 18 - Across a period, how does the electronegativity of...Ch. 18 - How does the atomic size of a nonmetal affect the...Ch. 18 - Prob. 18.85PCh. 18 - Prob. 18.86PCh. 18 - Prob. 18.87PCh. 18 - Prob. 18.88PCh. 18 - Choose the stronger acid in each of the following...Ch. 18 - Prob. 18.90PCh. 18 - Prob. 18.91PCh. 18 - Prob. 18.92PCh. 18 - Use Appendix C to choose the solution with the...Ch. 18 - Prob. 18.94PCh. 18 - Prob. 18.95PCh. 18 - Prob. 18.96PCh. 18 - Prob. 18.97PCh. 18 - Prob. 18.98PCh. 18 - Prob. 18.99PCh. 18 - Prob. 18.100PCh. 18 - Prob. 18.101PCh. 18 - Prob. 18.102PCh. 18 - Prob. 18.103PCh. 18 - Prob. 18.104PCh. 18 - Prob. 18.105PCh. 18 - Prob. 18.106PCh. 18 - Prob. 18.107PCh. 18 - What is the pKb of ? What is the pKa of the...Ch. 18 - Prob. 18.109PCh. 18 - Prob. 18.110PCh. 18 - Prob. 18.111PCh. 18 - Prob. 18.112PCh. 18 - Prob. 18.113PCh. 18 - Prob. 18.114PCh. 18 - Prob. 18.115PCh. 18 - Prob. 18.116PCh. 18 - Prob. 18.117PCh. 18 - Prob. 18.118PCh. 18 - Prob. 18.119PCh. 18 - Prob. 18.120PCh. 18 - Prob. 18.121PCh. 18 - Prob. 18.122PCh. 18 - Prob. 18.123PCh. 18 - Explain with equations and calculations, when...Ch. 18 - Prob. 18.125PCh. 18 - Prob. 18.126PCh. 18 - Rank the following salts in order of increasing pH...Ch. 18 - Rank the following salts in order of decreasing pH...Ch. 18 - Prob. 18.129PCh. 18 - Prob. 18.130PCh. 18 - Prob. 18.131PCh. 18 - Prob. 18.132PCh. 18 - Prob. 18.133PCh. 18 - Prob. 18.134PCh. 18 - Prob. 18.135PCh. 18 - Prob. 18.136PCh. 18 - Prob. 18.137PCh. 18 - Prob. 18.138PCh. 18 - Which are Lewis acids and which are Lewis...Ch. 18 - Prob. 18.140PCh. 18 - Prob. 18.141PCh. 18 - Prob. 18.142PCh. 18 - Prob. 18.143PCh. 18 - Classify the following as Arrhenius,...Ch. 18 - Chloral (Cl3C—CH=O) forms a monohydrate, chloral...Ch. 18 - Prob. 18.146PCh. 18 - Prob. 18.147PCh. 18 - Prob. 18.148PCh. 18 - Prob. 18.149PCh. 18 - Prob. 18.150PCh. 18 - Prob. 18.151PCh. 18 - Prob. 18.152PCh. 18 - Prob. 18.153PCh. 18 - The strength of an acid or base is related to its...Ch. 18 - Prob. 18.155PCh. 18 - Three beakers contain 100. mL of 0.10 M HCl,...Ch. 18 - Prob. 18.157PCh. 18 - Prob. 18.158PCh. 18 - Prob. 18.159PCh. 18 - Prob. 18.160PCh. 18 - Prob. 18.161PCh. 18 - What is the pH of a vinegar with 5.0% (w/v) acetic...Ch. 18 - Prob. 18.163PCh. 18 - Prob. 18.164PCh. 18 - Prob. 18.165PCh. 18 - Prob. 18.166PCh. 18 - Prob. 18.167PCh. 18 - Prob. 18.168PCh. 18 - Prob. 18.169PCh. 18 - Prob. 18.170PCh. 18 - Prob. 18.171PCh. 18 - Prob. 18.172PCh. 18 - Prob. 18.173PCh. 18 - Prob. 18.174PCh. 18 - Prob. 18.175PCh. 18 - Prob. 18.176PCh. 18 - Prob. 18.177PCh. 18 - Prob. 18.178PCh. 18 - Prob. 18.179PCh. 18 - Prob. 18.180PCh. 18 - Prob. 18.181PCh. 18 - Prob. 18.182PCh. 18 - Prob. 18.183PCh. 18 - Drinking water is often disinfected with Cl2,...Ch. 18 - Prob. 18.185P
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