EBK BIOLOGY
5th Edition
ISBN: 9780133954425
Author: Maier
Publisher: YUZU
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Question
Chapter 18, Problem 1CTS
Summary Introduction
To determine:
The better drink to eat during dehydration, tap water or electrolyte containing sports drink.
Introduction:
The water is an essential molecule for human body, it is essential for the cell functioning. The dehydration is the condition, in which the amount of the water in the body is reduced, due to the loss of the water and electrolyte.
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Describe why the concentration of water should be nearly the same inside the cell and in the extracellular fluid, at equilibrium.
The electrochemical gradient across membranes is important in
determining movement across membranes for a certain type(s) of
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Both anions and cations
Positively charged (cations)
Neutral/uncharged solutes
Negatively charged (anions)
Information: Osmotic pressure is the pressure that a solvent exerts against a semipermeable membrane, such as a cell membrane. The higher the solute concentration, the lower the osmotic pressure. Red blood cells have an osmotic pressure equal to that of a 0.90% (m/v) solution of sodium chloride and 5.0% (m/v) solution of dextrose. A solution that has a higher concentration that this is called hypertonic; one with a lower concentration is called hypotonic. Osmotic pressure is an important factor affecting cells. Osmoregulation is the homeostasis mechanism of an organism to reach balance in osmotic pressure.Hypertonicity is the presence of a solution that causes cells to shrink.Hypotonicity is the presence of a solution that causes cells to swell.Isotonicity is the presence of a solution that produces no change in cell volume.When a biological cell is in a hypotonic environment, the cell interior accumulates water, water flows across the cell membrane into the cell, causing it to…
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- Water intoxication is caused by Group of answer choices hypertonic intracellular fluid. hypotonic intracellular fluid. hypotonic extracellular fluid. isotonic intracellular fluid. hypertonic extracellular fluid.arrow_forwardThe concentration of ______ is higher in the intracellular fluid than in fluid surrounding the cell. A K+ B Ca+2 C Na+arrow_forwardHow does cholestrol affect membrane fluidity? 1- it tends to increase the fluidity 2- it doesn't have any specific effect on fluidity 3- membranes doesn't have cholesterol 4- it tends to decrease the fluidityarrow_forward
- When a person becomes dehydrated the amount of water in extracellular fluids such as blood decreases, causing the solute concentration of these fluids to increase. State weather osmosis results in water entering or leaving cells.arrow_forwardWhich of the following positively-charged ions is about 10,000 times more concentrated outside the cell than inside (useful in muscle contraction, and in signal transduction of neurons)? bicarbonate chloride sodium calcium E. magnesiumarrow_forwardDuring the study on Fluids, Electrolytes and Acid-Base Balance (Ch 26), we've looked at respiratory and renal acidosis/alkalosis concerns. The amount of CO2 and HCO3- in the blood triggers mechanisms to help balance blood pH so that the environment for normal biochemical reactions taking place in the body is present. The use of buffers helps to make sure that the body's environment is just right so that all internal functions are working. The kidneys do much more than help regulate the amount of CO2 and bicarbonate in the body. The Removal and Regulation functions of the kidneys includes electrolyte balance to make sure all organ systems can function. Below is a list of electrolytes regulated by the kidneys: Sodium - Na+ Potassium - K+ Phosphate - PO43- Chloride - Cl- Calcium - Ca2+ Magnesium- Mg2+ Conditions of excessive amounts or too little amounts create abnormalities. Some of these abnormalities (hyper- or hypo- conditions) can be life threatening. Directions for the…arrow_forward
- Holding one's breath can result in an increase in CO₂(g) concentration in the blood. How would this affect the pH of the extracellular fluid? The pH increases. The pH decreases. The pH does not change appreciably.arrow_forwardContrast the energetic difference between the diffusion of an electrolyte versus a nonelectrolyte across the membranearrow_forwardWhich of the following membrane transport mechanisms requires expenditure of metabolic energy? active transport of water facilitated transport of valine coordinated transport of Na+ and K+ against concentration gradient. diffusion of steroidsarrow_forward
- Assume that water constitutes 60% of a person’s body weight. What fraction of a person’s body weight is due to extracellular body water?arrow_forwardWhich of the following accurately represents the general ionic concentrations we tend to observe in the extracellular space, relative to the cytosol? High Na, Ca. Low K, Cl. High Na, Cl. Low K, Ca. High Na, Ca, Cl. Low K. Low Na, Ca, Cl. High K.arrow_forwardSevere vomiting and diarrhea cause a loss of water and solutes from extracellular fluids. If the person was given only water, what effect would this have on the solute concentration of the extracellular fluids? Would osmosis results in water entering or leaving cells?arrow_forward
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