Concept explainers
HOW DO WE KNOW?
In this chapter, we focused on the analysis of genomes, transcriptomes, and proteomes and considered important applications and findings from these endeavors. At the same time, we found many opportunities to consider the methods and reasoning by which much of this information was acquired. From the explanations given in the chapter, what answers would you propose to the following fundamental questions:
(a) How do we know which contigs are part of the same chromosome?
(b) How do we know if a genomic DNA sequence contains a protein-coding gene?
(c) What evidence supports the concept that humans share substantial sequence similarities and gene functional similarities with model organisms?
(d) How can proteomics identify differences between the number of protein-coding genes predicted for a genome and the number of proteins expressed by a genome?
(e) How have microarrays demonstrated that, although all cells of an organism have the same genome, some genes are expressed in almost all cells, whereas other genes show cell- and tissue-specific expression?
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Mastering Genetics with Pearson eText -- Standalone Access Card -- for Essentials of Genetics (9th Edition)
- Using a laser beam, you isolated several R bands from human chromosomes. Answer the following questions What kinds of genes are present in R bands? Which isochors do you expect to be present in the R band? What class of interspersed repeats will be present in R bands? What class of tandem repeats do you expect to find in RG bands? Would you expect to find telomere sequences in some R bands?arrow_forwardA person with a rare genetic disease has a sample of her chromosomessubjected to in situ hybridization using a probe that is known to recognize band p11 on chromosome 7. Even though her chromosomes look cytologically normal, the probe does not bind to this person’s chromosomes. How would you explain these results? How would you use this information to positionally clone the gene that is related to this disease?arrow_forwardWhat genetic process is occurring in a puff of a polytene chromosome? How do we know this experimentally?arrow_forward
- What percentage of the DNA in the genome actually corresponds to genes? How much is actually protein-coding exons? What makes up the rest?arrow_forwardSee the attachment and answer the following parts of the question: A) If the binturong genome is 2.87 x 109 base pairs, and the "highly repetitive DNA" fraction is composed entirely of copies of sequence 5'ATGGTCC3' and its complement, how many copies of this sequence are present in the binturong genome? B) Briefly explain, in your own words, why the fraction of the binturong DNA fragments that reannealed relatively slowly took so much longer to renature than the other DNA fragments. C) If you took more of the same randomly generated 1000 bp fragments of binturong DNA (the same sample that you used in the equilibrium density gradient centrifugation experiment described in part a and the C0t curve described in part b of this question) and used them as a sample in agarose gel electrophoresis, how many bands would you expect to find in the gel when you turned off the current and stained the gel with ethidium bromide? Briefly explain why you would predict that number of bands.arrow_forwardWhat is Transcriptome analysis? In your answer, also explain, what are the steps and primary methods used in Transcriptome analysis, and what are some important applications of Transcriptome analysis.arrow_forward
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- Human Heredity: Principles and Issues (MindTap Co...BiologyISBN:9781305251052Author:Michael CummingsPublisher:Cengage Learning