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Concepts of Genetics Plus Mastering Genetics with Pearson eText -- Access Card Package (12th Edition) (What's New in Genetics)
12th Edition
ISBN: 9780134811390
Author: William S. Klug, Michael R. Cummings, Charlotte A. Spencer, Michael A. Palladino, Darrell Killian
Publisher: PEARSON
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Textbook Question
Chapter 18, Problem 30ESP
The localization and translational control of actin mRNA is important for the migration of fibroblasts and is regulated by the activity of the kinase Src (see Figure 18.10). Src is activated by phosphorylation when cell surface receptors bind to signaling molecules. How might this system lead to a cell migrating in a specific direction? How might the cell migrate away from repulsive signals?
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Students have asked these similar questions
Researchers have found that a certain signal transduction pathway, illustrated in the figure
below, may be responsible for the development of cancer in pancreatic cells. In normal
pancreatic cells, where the pathway remains inactive, a membrane-bound receptor called
Ptc inhibits a downstream protein known as Smo. The inhibition of Smo blocks the activa-
tion of a complex of proteins known as the HSC, which results in the cleaving of one of its
proteins called Ci. The cleaving of Ci, in turn, prevents the pathway from initiating the syn-
thesis of division-facilitating enzymes.
A
Ptc
B
Smo
с
inhibition
D
A model of a Ptc signal transduction pathway under normal conditions.
HSC
Ci cleavage
A certain protein called the Hedgehog protein (Hh) is found to activate this signal transduction pathway and
trigger uninterruptable cell division.
cell division not initiated
Which of the following describes the most plausible mechanism by which Hh triggers uninterruptable cell
division?
Hh binds to…
GTP binding proteins are molecular switches. How do GTP binding proteins work?
Provide two examples of GTP binding proteins that function in intracellular protein transport.
Make a drawing that illustrates the function of each of these proteins in their respective roles.
Predict the direct outcome of a mutation that:
Inhibits GTPase activity
Inhibits interaction with the GEF
In vesicle based signaling, how is the regulated secretory pathway implicated in synaptic signaling ? Then, apply this information to describe in detail the pathway in which a neurotransmitter is received at the dendrites of one neuron and ultimately leads to the release of new transmitters that activate a second neuron .
Chapter 18 Solutions
Concepts of Genetics Plus Mastering Genetics with Pearson eText -- Access Card Package (12th Edition) (What's New in Genetics)
Ch. 18 - Some mutations in the tra gene of Drosophila cause...Ch. 18 - Some scientists use the analogy that the...Ch. 18 - Consider the example that actin mRNA localization...Ch. 18 - What is alternative splicing, where does it occur,...Ch. 18 - What role might the expanded tri- and...Ch. 18 - DM1 is characterized by a phenomenon known as...Ch. 18 - HOW DO WE KNOW? In this chapter, we focused on how...Ch. 18 - CONCEPT QUESTION Review the Chapter Concepts list...Ch. 18 - List three types of alternative splicing patterns...Ch. 18 - Consider the CT/CGRP example of alternative...
Ch. 18 - Explain how the use of alternative promoters and...Ch. 18 - Explain how a tissue-specific RNA-binding protein...Ch. 18 - The regulation of mRNA decay relies heavily upon...Ch. 18 - Nonsense-mediated decay is an mRNA surveillance...Ch. 18 - AU-rich elements (AREs) are cis-elements in mRNAs...Ch. 18 - What are processing bodies (P bodies), and what...Ch. 18 - In 1998, future Nobel laureates Andrew Fire and...Ch. 18 - Present an overview of RNA interference (RNAi)....Ch. 18 - RNAi may be directed by small interfering RNAs...Ch. 18 - Prob. 14PDQCh. 18 - In principle, RNAi may be used to fight viral...Ch. 18 - Prob. 16PDQCh. 18 - Prob. 17PDQCh. 18 - Prob. 18PDQCh. 18 - Prob. 19PDQCh. 18 - How is it possible that a given mRNA in a cell is...Ch. 18 - Prob. 21PDQCh. 18 - Prob. 22PDQCh. 18 - Prob. 23PDQCh. 18 - Prob. 24ESPCh. 18 - Prob. 25ESPCh. 18 - Mutations in the low-density lipoprotein receptor...Ch. 18 - RNA helicases are a class of proteins that bind...Ch. 18 - While miRNA response elements (MREs) may be...Ch. 18 - RNAi is currently being tested as a therapeutic...Ch. 18 - The localization and translational control of...Ch. 18 - Explain how the expression of a single gene can be...
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- 3) The “Met" receptor is a membrane receptor protein responsible for initiating signal transduction pathways that cause cells to divide, among other things. After the Met receptor has been stimulated by its specific growth factor, another protein called c- Cbl will bind to the Met receptor. C-Cbl will then attach a chain of small proteins called ubiquitin to the Met receptor. These chains of ubiquitin help the cell recognize that the Met receptor should undergo receptor-mediated endocytosis, which eventually leads to the destruction of the Met receptor. Circle any answer or answers that include mutations that could cause the cell to potentially become a cancer cell. A) a mutation causing there to be too much ubiquitin protein produced. B) a mutation causing c-Cbl to be inactivated. C) a mutation causing ubiquitin to be inactivated. D) a mutation causing there to be too few Met receptors produced. E) a mutation causing the Met receptor to no longer be able to bind to its growth factor.…arrow_forwardAnimal cells utilize rapid increases in cytosolic Ca++ ion concentration to respond to certain extracellular signals. This requires keeping the cytosolic Ca++ ion concentration very low in the absence of signal (when the cell is “at rest”) and increasing the cytosolic Ca++ ion concentration when a signal is detected. Propose a mechanism by which the action of Ca++ transport proteins in the plasma membrane can account for the reversibility of Ca++ levels in the cytosol. Be sure to indicate whether active or passive transport is involved as well as the type of transport protein (channel or carrier) responsible.arrow_forwardIn the case of GPCR (G protein coupled receptor) signaling pathways, which of the following statements is INCORRECT? The gamma subunit of the trimeric G protein has a transmembrane domain whereas the alpha and beta subunits are peripheral proteins If G alpha was locked in a GTP bound state, it would be bound to the effector enzyme rather than to the beta and gamma subunits. In some but not all signaling pathways, when the beta and gamma subunits are separated from alpha - the beta/gamma pair can also stimulate the activation of effectorsarrow_forward
- What is the main benefit of cell signaling via direct physical contact and cell signaling over short distances (ex: nerve cell signaling)?arrow_forwardTo move in a specific direction, a migrating cell must use extracellular cues to establish which portion of the cell will act as the front and which will act as the back. Describe how small GTPase proteins appear to be involved in the signaling pathways used by migrating cells to determine direction of movement.arrow_forwardYou perform a competition study on a GPCR. You have isolated the plasma membrane from cells which contains the GPCR of interest. If an agonist and an inverse agonist are at equal concentrations in your study but the inverse agonist has a 10 x higher affinity for the receptor than the agonist, what would you expect to be the overall outcome to be? More of the agonist is bound and so most of the receptor is in its active conformation and is stimulated More of the inverse agonist is bound and so most of the receptor is in its inactive conformation and is unstimulated.arrow_forward
- What is the main benefit of cell signaling over long distances (ex: signaling via hormone secretion into the bloodstream)?arrow_forwardTo understand how a signaling pathway works, it is often useful to isolate the cell-surface receptor and to measure the activity of downstream effector proteins under different conditions. How could you use affinity chromatography to isolate a cell-surface receptor?arrow_forwardG protein coupled receptors play an important role in signal transduction in many cells. Label the four essential components of the G protein coupled receptor signaling system (blanks a-d in the picture) by choosing from the menus below. a b b Each answer will be used at most once, while some will not be used at all (select one for each): Group of answer choices transcription factor с transcription factor Show Transcribed Text d transcription factor B C. transcription factor G protein second messenger G protein second messenger IE G protein second messenger G protein second messenger receptor receptor receptor receptor enzyme enzyme enzyme enzyme steroid hormone steroid hormone steroid hormone steroid hormonearrow_forward
- Very briefly, explain how a ligand binding to the extracellular receptor region of a GPCR causes a change in biological events inside the cell.arrow_forwardGTP is an important high-energy molecule that facilitates the activation of many cellular sig- nal transduction pathways. Certain genetic dysfunctions can inhibit the ability of a cell to synthesize GTP. Which of the following describes the most direct result of GTP synthesis inhibition? A B с D The cell would be able to carry out reception and transduction but would not be able to produce the cellular response in the relevant signal transduction pathway. The G protein-coupled receptor will not be able to bind corresponding ligands, inhibiting the reception components of the relevant signal transduction pathway. The cell will use ATP instead of GTP to activate the G protein on the intracellular region of the G protein-coupled receptor. The cell would not be able to activate G proteins on the intracellular regions of G pro- tein-coupled receptors.arrow_forwardIndicate (x) if the following statements about synthesis of proteins containing an ER signal sequence are True or False: True False i. Translation is initiated by ribosomes located on the ER membrane The signal recognition particle (SRP) binds a sequence of nonpolar (hydrophobic) amino acids. ii. iii. The ER signal sequence may be cleaved by signal peptidase on the cytoplasmic side of the ER membrane. iv. The part of a transmembrane protein that will ultimately be located outside of the cell is inserted into the lumen of the ER during translation. A stop transfer sequence is a series of polar amino acids that halts translocation of a newly synthesized peptide into the ER lumen.arrow_forward
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