Principles of Corporate Finance
13th Edition
ISBN: 9781260465099
Author: BREALEY, Richard
Publisher: MCGRAW-HILL HIGHER EDUCATION
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Textbook Question
Chapter 18, Problem 4PS
Tax shields Look back at the Johnson & Johnson example in Section 18-1. Suppose Johnson & Johnson increases its long-term debt to $45 billion. It uses the additional debt to repurchase shares. Reconstruct Table 18.4B with the new capital structure. How much additional value is added for Johnson & Johnson shareholders if the table’s assumptions are correct?
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Students have asked these similar questions
Assume that a company borrows at a cost of 0.08. Its tax rate is 0.35. What is the minimum after-tax cost of capital for a certain cash flow if
a. 100 percent debt is used?
b. 100 percent common stock?
(assume that the stockholders will accept 0.08)
Which of the following will increase the WACC for a tax-paying company?
Decrease the proportion of equity financing
Decrease the proportion of debt financing
Decrease the market value of the equity
Increase the market value of the debt
Which of the following is CORRECT?
Select one:
a. When calculating the cost of debt, a company needs to adjust for taxes, because interest payments are deductible by the paying corporation.
b. When calculating the cost of preferred stock, companies must adjust for taxes, because dividends paid on preferred stock are deductible by the paying corporation.
c. Because of tax effects, an increase in the risk-free rate will have a greater effect on the after-tax cost of common stock as measured by the CAPM.
d. Higher flotation costs reduce investors' expected returns, and that leads to a reduction in a company's WACC.
e. All of the above are correct.
Which of the following is CORRECT?
Select one:
a. If the NPV of a project is negative, the IRR for the project must also be negative.
b. A project's MIRR can never exceed its IRR.
c. If a project with normal cash flows has an IRR less than WACC, the project must have a positive NPV.
d. If Project 1's IRR exceeds Project 2's IRR, then 1 must…
Chapter 18 Solutions
Principles of Corporate Finance
Ch. 18 - Prob. 1PSCh. 18 - Tax shields Compute the present value of interest...Ch. 18 - Tax shields Here are book and market value balance...Ch. 18 - Tax shields Look back at the Johnson Johnson...Ch. 18 - Prob. 5PSCh. 18 - Tax shields The firm cant use interest tax shields...Ch. 18 - Prob. 7PSCh. 18 - Tax shields The trouble with MMs argument is that...Ch. 18 - Bankruptcy costs On February 29, 2019, when PDQ...Ch. 18 - Financial distress This question tests your...
Ch. 18 - Prob. 12PSCh. 18 - Agency costs Let us go back to Circular Files...Ch. 18 - Agency costs The Salad Oil Storage (SOS) Company...Ch. 18 - Agency costs The possible payoffs from Ms....Ch. 18 - Prob. 17PSCh. 18 - Prob. 18PSCh. 18 - Prob. 20PSCh. 18 - Pecking-order theory Fill in the blanks: According...Ch. 18 - Financial slack For what kinds of companies is...Ch. 18 - Financial slack True or false? a. Financial slack...Ch. 18 - Debt ratios Rajan and Zingales identified four...Ch. 18 - Leverage targets Some corporations debtequity...Ch. 18 - Prob. 26PSCh. 18 - Trade-off theory The trade-off theory relies on...
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- The user cost of capital: Consider the basic formula for the user cost ofcapital in the presence of a corporate income tax. Suppose the baseline casefeatures an interest rate of 2 percent, a rate of depreciation of 6 percent, aprice of capital that rises at 1 percent per year, and a 0 percent corporate taxrate. Starting from this baseline case, what is the user cost of capital after thefollowing changes?(a) No changes—the baseline case.(b) Te corporate tax rate rises to 35 percent.(c) Te interest rate doubles to 4 percent.(d) Both (b) and (c).arrow_forwardWhich of the following statements is CORRECT? Assume a company's target capital structure is 50% debt and 50% common equity. Group of answer choices The WACC is calculated on a before-tax basis. The WACC exceeds the cost of equity. The cost of equity is always equal to or greater than the cost of debt. The cost of reinvested earnings typically exceeds the cost of new common stock. The interest rate used to calculate the WACC is the average after-tax cost of all the company's outstanding debt as shown on its balance sheet.arrow_forwardHow does the WACC DCF methodology mechanically incorporate interest tax shields (select the best answer)? Group of answer choices By estimating free cash flows that incorporate the tax benefits of debt. By adding the tax benefits of interest payments to the value of the firm. By adding the PV of the interest tax shields to the value of the firm. By estimating a discount rate that incorporates the tax benefits of debt.arrow_forward
- An all equity firm announces that it is going to borrow $11 million in debt and then keep that debt at a constant value relative to the overall value of the company. What would be the appropriate discount rate for the expected interest tax shields generated by this additional debt? A. Required return on debt B. Required return on equity C. Required return on Assets D. WACCarrow_forwardF. Pierce Products Inc. is considering changing its capital structure. F. Pierce currently has no debt and no preferred stock, but it would like to add some debt to take advantage of the tax shield. Its investment banker has indicated that the pre-tax cost of debt under various possible capital structures would be as follows: Market Debt-to Equity Ratio (D/S) 0.00 0.1111 0.2500 0.4286 0.6667 Market Equity-to- Value Ratio (ws) 1.0 0.90 6.0% 6.4 0.80 7.0 8.2 0.70 0.60 10.0 F. Pierce uses the CAPM to estimate its cost of common equity, rs, and at the time of the analaysis the risk-free rate is 6%, the market risk premium is 8%, and the company's tax rate is 25%. F. Pierce estimates that its beta now (which is "unlevered" because it currently has no debt) is 0.7. Based on this information, what is the firm's optimal capital structure, and what would be the weighted average cost of capital at the optimal capital structure? Do not round intermediate calculations. Round your answers to two…arrow_forwardSuppose that JB Cos. has a capital structure of 78 percent equity, 22 percent debt, and that its before-tax cost of debt is 12 percent while its cost of equity is 16 percent. Assume the appropriate weighted-average tax rate is 21 percent and JB estimates that they can make full use of the interest tax shield.What will be JB’s WACC? (Round your answer to 2 decimal places.) WACC: ___.__%arrow_forward
- Suppose that TapDance, Inc's, capital structure features 65 percent equity, 35 percent debt, and that its before-tax cost of debt is 6 percent, while its cost of equity is 11 percent. Assume the appropriate weighted average tax rate is 34 percent. What will be TapDance's WACC? (Round your answer to 2 declmal placcs.) nces. Mc Graw Type here to search | 五 LEarrow_forwardSuppose that a new government is elected and it changes the law applying to firms to:• Allow dividend payments to be tax deductible• Stop interest expense on debt from being tax deductibleHolding other factors constant, and assuming that firms seek to maintain an optimal capital structure in accordance with trade-off theory, what would you expect to happen to the debt ratio of a firm with both equity and debt in its capital structure?a. An increase in the debt ratiob. A decrease in the debt ratioc. The debt ratio would be unchangedd. The debt ratio would doublee. None of the above or it is not possible to sayarrow_forwardSuppose that TapDance, Incorporated's capital structure features 60 percent equity, 40 percent debt, and that its before-tax cost of debt is 9 percent, while its cost of equity is 14 percent. The appropriate weighted average tax rate is 21 percent and TapDance estimates it cannot make any use of the interest tax shield in the foreseeable future. What will be TapDance's WACC? Note: Round your answer to 2 decimal places. WACC %arrow_forward
- Which of the following statements is CORRECT? Group of answer choices When calculating the cost of preferred stock, companies must adjust for taxes, because dividends paid on preferred stock are deductible by the paying corporation. Because of tax effects, an increase in the risk-free rate will have a greater effect on the after-tax cost of debt than on the cost of common stock as measured by the CAPM. If a company's beta increases, this will increase the cost of equity used to calculate the WACC, but only if the company does not have enough reinvested earnings to take care of its equity financing and hence must issue new stock. Higher flotation costs reduce investors' expected returns, and that leads to a reduction in a company's WACC. When calculating the cost of debt, a company needs to adjust for taxes, because interest payments are deductible by the paying corporation.arrow_forwardA company currently has a 100% equity structure. Let the current value of the company be approximated by $CV. Assuming corporate taxes exist but personal taxes do not, select the following option that describes the value of the company if the company adds debt to its capital structure. $CV + future value of tax savings on interest $CV + future value of interest savings on tax $CV + present value of tax savings on interest $CV + present value of interest savings on taxarrow_forwardHow would each of the following changes tend to affect aggregate (i.e., the average for allcorporations) payout ratios, other things held constant? Explain your answers.a. An increase in the personal income tax rateb. A liberalization of depreciation for federal income tax purposes—that is, faster tax write-offsc. An increase in interest ratesd. An increase in corporate profitse. A decline in investment opportunitiesf. Permission for corporations to deduct dividends for tax purposes as they now deductinterest expenseg. A change in the Tax Code so that realized and unrealized long-term capital gains inany year are taxed at the same rate as ordinary incomearrow_forward
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