Interpretation:
The spontaneity for the given equilibrium process at 25°Cis to be determined and the reason for diamonds do not become graphite on standing is to be stated.
Concept introduction:
Reaction quotient is the ratio of molar concentration of the ions or the partial pressure of the gaseous atoms or molecules in the product side to the reactant side, raised to the power of their
For a general chemical reaction,
The relation between free energy change and standard free energy change is as follows:
Here,
The value of
The value of
The value of
The standard free energy change of the reaction is the difference of the sum of the standard free energy change of the products and the sum of the standard free energy change of the reactants.
The expression is as follows:
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Student Study Guide for Chemistry
- A crucial reaction for the production of synthetic fuels is the production of H2 by the reaction of coal with steam. The chemical reaction is C(s) + H2O(g) CO(g) + H2(g) (a) Calculate rG for this reaction at 25 C, assuming C(s) is graphite. (b) Calculate Kp for the reaction at 25 C. (c) Is the reaction predicted to be product-favored at equilibrium at 25 C? If not, at what temperature will it become so?arrow_forwardElemental boron, in the form of thin fibers, can be made by reducing a boron halide with H2. BCl3(g) + 32 H2(g) B(s) + 3 HCl(g) Calculate rH, rS, and rG at 25 C for this reaction. Is the reaction predicted to be product-favored at equilibrium at 25 C? If so, is it enthalpy- or entropy-driven? [S for B(s) is 5.86 J/K mol.]arrow_forwardConsider the following diagram of free energy (G) versus fraction of A reacted in terms of moles for the reaction 2A(g) B(g). Before any A has reacted, PA = 3.0 atm and PB = 0. Determine the sign of G and the value of Kp. for this reaction.arrow_forward
- At 800C, K=2.2104 for the following reaction 2H2S(g)2H2(g)+S2(g) Calculate K at 8000C for (a) the synthesis of one mole of H2S from H2 and S2 gases. (b) the decomposition of one mole of H2S gas.arrow_forwardCalculate rG for the decomposition of sulfur trioxide to sulfur dioxide and oxygen. 2 SO3(g) 2 SO2(g) + O2(g) (a) Is the reaction product-favored at equilibrium at 25 C? (b) If the reaction is not product-favored at 25 C, is there a temperature at which it will become so? Estimate this temperature. (c) Estimate the equilibrium constant for the reaction at 1500 C.arrow_forwardUse the data in Appendix J to calculate rG andKPat 25 C for the reaction 2HBr(g)+Cl2(g)2HCl(g)+Br2() Comment on the connection between the sign of rG and the magnitude ofKP.arrow_forward
- Consider the reaction 2SO2(g)+O2(g)2SO3(g) (a) Calculate G at 25C. (b) If the partial pressures of SO2 and SO3 are kept at 0.400 atm, what partial pressure should O2 have so that the reaction just becomes nonspontaneous (i.e., G=+1.0 k J)?arrow_forwardBenzene can be prepared from acetylene. 3C2H2(g)C6H6(g). Determine the equilibrium constant at 25 C and at 850 C. Is the reaction spontaneous at either of these temperatures? Why is all acetylene not found as benzene?arrow_forwarda Calculate K1, at 25C for sulfurous acid: H2SO3(aq)H+(aq)+HSO3(aq) b Which thermodynamic factor is the most significant in accounting for the fact that sulfurous acid is a weak acid? Why?arrow_forward
- Adenosine triphosphate, ATP, is used as a free-energy source by biological cells. (See the essay on page 624.) ATP hydrolyzes in the presence of enzymes to give ADP: ATP(aq)+H2O(l)ADP(aq)+H2PO4(aq);G=30.5kJ/molat25C Consider a hypothetical biochemical reaction of molecule A to give molecule B: A(aq)B(aq);G=+15.0kJ/molat25C Calculate the ratio [B]/[A] at 25C at equilibrium. Now consider this reaction coupled to the reaction for the hydrolysis of ATP: A(aq)+ATP(aq)+H2O(l)B(aq)+ADP(aq)+H2PO4(aq) If a cell maintains a high ratio of ATP to ADP and H2PO4 by continuously making ATP, the conversion of A to B can be made highly spontaneous. A characteristic value of this ratio is [ATP][ADP][H2PO4]=500 Calculate the ratio [B][A] in this case and compare it with the uncoupled reaction. Compared with the uncoupled reaction, how much larger is this ratio when coupled to the hydrolysis of ATP?arrow_forwardCalculate the standard free-energy change and the equilibrium constant Kp for the following reaction at 25C. See Appendix C for data. CO(g)+2H2(g)CH3OH(g)arrow_forwardConsider the reaction N2O2(g) 2NO2(g) where PNO2=0.29 atm and PN2O4=1.6. For this reaction at these conditions. G = 1000 J and G = 6000 J. Which of the following statements about this reaction is(are) true? a. The reverse reaction is spontaneous at these conditions. b. At equilibrium. PN2O4 will be greater than 1.6 atm. c. The value of K for this reaction is greater than 1. d. The maximum amount of work this reaction can produce at these conditions is 6000 J. e. The reaction is endothermic.arrow_forward
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