Interpretation:
The value of
Concept introduction:
The sign of standard free energy change gives the direction of spontaneity of the reaction. If the free energy change is negative
At equilibrium,
Here,
There are three cases in which the reaction varies at equilibrium, according to
If
If
If
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Student Study Guide for Chemistry
- Use the data in Appendix J to calculate rG andKPat 25 C for the reaction 2HBr(g)+Cl2(g)2HCl(g)+Br2() Comment on the connection between the sign of rG and the magnitude ofKP.arrow_forwardUsing values of fH and S, calculate rG for each of the following reactions at 25 C. (a) 2 Na(s) + 2 H2O() 2 NaOH(aq) + H2(g) (b) 6 C(graphite) + 3 H2(g) C6H6() Which of these reactions is (are) predicted to be product-favored at equilibrium? Are the reactions enthalpy- or entropy-driven?arrow_forwardConsider a metal ion A2+ and its nitrate salt, In an experiment, 35.00 mL of a 0.217 M solution of A(NO3)2 is made to react with 25.00 mL of 0.195 M NaOH. A precipitate, A(OH)2, forms. Along with the precipitation, the temperature increases from 24.8C to 28.2C. What is H for the precipitation of A(OH)2? The following assumptions can be made. • The density of the solution is 1.00 g/mL. • Volumes are additive. • The specific heat of the solution is 4.18 J/g C.arrow_forward
- 9.96 Most first aid "cold packs" are based on the endothermic dissolution of ammonium nitrate in water: NH4NO3(s)NH4+(aq)+NO3(aq) H= 25.69 kJ A particular cold pack contains 50.0 g of NH4NO3 and 125.0 g of water. When the pack is squeezed, the NH4NO3dissolves in the water. If the pack and its contents are initially at 24.0°C, what is the lowest temperature that this bag could reach? (Assume that the ammonium nitrate solution has a specific heat of 4.25J g-l K-l, and that the heat capacity of the bag itself is small enough to be neglected.)arrow_forwardConsider the reaction 2SO2(g)+O2(g)2SO3(g) (a) Calculate G at 25C. (b) If the partial pressures of SO2 and SO3 are kept at 0.400 atm, what partial pressure should O2 have so that the reaction just becomes nonspontaneous (i.e., G=+1.0 k J)?arrow_forwardHeater Meals are food packages that contain their own heat source, lust pour water into the heater unit, wait a few minutes, and voila! You have a hot meal. Mg(s) + 2 H2O() Mg(OH)2(s) + H2(g) (a) Confirm that this is a product-favored reaction at equilibrium at 25 C. (b) What mass of magnesium is required to produce sufficient energy to heat 225 mL of water (density = 0.995 g/mL) from 25 C to the boiling point?arrow_forward
- Silver carbonate, Ag2CO3, is a light yellow compound that decomposes when heated to give silver oxide and carbon dioxide: Ag2CO3(s)Ag2O(s)+CO2(g) A researcher measured the partial pressure of carbon dioxide over a sample of silver carbonate at 220C and found that it was 1.37 atm. Calculate the partial pressure of carbon dioxide at 25C. The standard enthalpies of formation of silver carbonate and silver oxide at 25C are 505.9 kJ/mol and 31.05 kJ/mol, respectively. Make any reasonable assumptions in your calculations. State the assumptions that you make, and note why you think they are reasonable.arrow_forwardA chemical reaction has an equilibrium constant, Kc= 0.02. Which of the following is true? Group of answer choices The forward reaction is spontaneous and the products will be more in the equilibrium mixture The forward reaction is not spontaneous and the reactants will be more in the equilibrium mixture The reaction is at equilibriumarrow_forwardAt a certain temperature, 801 K, Kp for the reaction,2 SO2(g) + O2(g) ⇌ 2 SO3(g) is 1.13 x 1052.Calculate the value of ΔGo in kJ for the reaction at 801 K.arrow_forward
- The dissolution of ammonium nitrate occurs spontaneously in water at 25 °C. As ammoniumnitrate dissolves, the temperature of the water decreases. What are the signs of ΔrH, ΔrS, and ΔrGfor this process?arrow_forwardFor the following reaction, H2(g) + I2(g) ⇌ 2 HI(g), Kp = 44 at 25.0 o C. Calculate the value of Kcarrow_forwardWhich of the following statements is true? Select one: At equilibrium, K = 0. If K > 1, the reaction is spontaneous in the reverse direction under standard conditions. For an endothermic reaction, increasing the temperature will increase the value of K. If K = 1×109, equilibrium favours the reactant side. At equilibrium, the concentrations of the reactants are always equal to the concentrations of the products.arrow_forward
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