BIOLOGY
5th Edition
ISBN: 9781264104680
Author: BROOKER
Publisher: MCG
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Chapter 18, Problem 5TY
Summary Introduction
Introduction: According Lyon hypothesis the dosage compensation that takes place in mammals is a result of inactivation of the X-chromosome in cells. He explained his hypothesis with the example of patchwork pattern on calico cat.
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In mammals, males have X and Y sex chromosomes, while females have two Xs. While the Y sex chromosome has very few genes associated with it, the X sex chromosome has many that are important to maintain life. How do mammals account for this in terms of equaling out gene expression levels?
A. Mammals do not need to account for this, but birds do.
B. Females produce more proteins from X-linked genes than males do.
C. The single X of the males works twice as hard to keep up with the female’s two Xs.
D. The females have one X inactivated to permit the males to keep pace with them.
In a female human cell, what would be the effect on X inactivation if
SİRNAS that eliminate the products of the Tsix gene are added?
Select one:
a. One of the two X chromosomes would become inactivated.
b. Both of the X chromosomes would become inactivated.
c. Neither of the X chromosomes would become inactivated.
d. Only the maternal X chromosome would become inactivated.
e. Only the paternal X chromosome would become inactivated.
Which of the following statements is FALSE about x chromosome inavtivation in mammals?
A. It relies on chromatic remodeling
B. It leads to the formation of Barr body.
C. It only occurs in males.
D. It involves histone modification
Chapter 18 Solutions
BIOLOGY
Ch. 18.2 - Prob. 1CCCh. 18.3 - Prob. 1CCCh. 18.3 - Prob. 1CSCh. 18.5 - Prob. 1CSCh. 18.5 - Prob. 1CCCh. 18.6 - Prob. 1EQCh. 18.6 - Prob. 2EQCh. 18.6 - Prob. 3EQCh. 18.6 - Prob. 1CCCh. 18.6 - Prob. 2CC
Ch. 18 - Which of the following is an example of an...Ch. 18 - Prob. 2TYCh. 18 - A female mouse that is Igf2 Igf2 is crossed to a...Ch. 18 - Prob. 4TYCh. 18 - Prob. 5TYCh. 18 - Prob. 6TYCh. 18 - Prob. 7TYCh. 18 - Prob. 8TYCh. 18 - Based on the ideas proposed by Morgan, which of...Ch. 18 - Extranuclear inheritance occurs because a. certain...Ch. 18 - Define epigenetics. Are all epigenetic changes...Ch. 18 - What is a Barr body? How is its structure...Ch. 18 - Core Concept: Information A core concept of...Ch. 18 - Prob. 1COQCh. 18 - Mendel studied seven traits in garden pea plants,...
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- Which of the following situations does not describes a chromosomal mutation? Select one: a. A cytosine nucleotide is substituted for thymine nucleotide in a gene. b. A portion of Chromosome 4 is deleted during interphase of meiosis. c. The sister chromatids of Chromosome 18 do not separate during anaphase II. d. A section of Chromosome 17 is duplicated leading to problems in the peripheral nervous system.arrow_forwardCan chromosome duplications cause negative effects to an organism? Why or why not? A. No. Duplicated regions of chromosomes are quickly lost by looping out during meiosis. B. Yes. Duplicated regions increase gene dosage, which affects processes like development that require specific amounts of protein. C. No. Cells with duplications function even more efficiently than those without duplications. D. No. Duplicated regions of chromosomes cannot affect gene dosage because the cell can always compensate for extra copies of genes. E. Yes. Duplicated regions require DNA to be replicated, which delays the cell cycle and wastes energy.arrow_forwardIn the lab, you discover two yeast haploid mutants that cannot produce arginine. You cross them together and the resulting diploid produces arginine. If producing arginine is the wild type phenotype, what can you definitively conclude? A.The haploid strains have identical mutations in the same genes. B.The haploid strains have identical mutations in different genes. C.The haploid strains have mutations in different genes. D.The haploid strains have mutations in the same gene. E.The haploid strains must belong to the complementation group encoding the first enzyme in the biosynthetic pathway.arrow_forward
- For the Igf2 gene, where do de novo methylation and maintenancemethylation occur?a. De novo methylation occurs in sperm, and maintenancemethylation occurs in egg cells.b. De novo methylation occurs in egg cells, and maintenancemethylation occurs in sperm cells.c. De novo methylation occurs in sperm, and maintenancemethylation occurs in somatic cells of offspring.d. De novo methylation occurs in egg cells, and maintenancemethylation occurs in somatic cells of offspring.arrow_forwardThe chromosomes drawn below are found in a human skin cell. The lines represent the chromosomes themselves. The letters indicate the location of a particular version of a gene. d) T/F If the protein produced by the BA gene is involved in the formation of ovaries, then the BA gene is likely located on a sex chromosome. e) T/F Because the genes shown here are found in skin cells, these genes code for proteins required for skin cell function.arrow_forwardIn this image of the human karyotype: A. The sister chromatids have separated B. There are 46 pairs of chromosomes C. The DNA has already been replicated D. There are 23 pairs of autosomes E. None are true.arrow_forward
- Which of the following statements is FALSE? Inactivation of one of the two X chromosomes in the somatic cells of mammalian females..... a. underlies the Calico phenotype in cats. b. leads to cellular mosaicism in females heterozygous for an X-linked gene. c. affects 75 % of the paternal and 25 % of the maternal X-chromosomes of a mammalian body. d. leads to the formation of a Barr body in female cells' nuclei. e. is the mechanism in mammals to compensate for the higher dosage of X-linked genes in females as compared to males.arrow_forwardWhy are multiple copies of the X chromosome tolerated? A. Genes on the X chromosome are not expressed during development. B. The extra copies of the X chromosome are inactivated. C. There are no genes on the X chromosome that are detrimental when present in multiple copies D. The X chromosome only encodes sex related genesarrow_forwardColorblindness and hemophilia are both X-linked traits in humans. Explain how a female who has a defective color vision gene on one X chromosome and a defective blood clotting gene causing hemophilia on the other X chromosome can be neither a hemophiliac nor colorblind? Please discuss the effect of Gene dosage compensation in your answer and in your answer describe the molecular process by which this occurs.arrow_forward
- A typical egg cell of a female primate contains 23 chromosomes. How many chromosomes does a typical skin cell of a female primate contain? A) 12 chromosomes B) 23 chromosomes C) 46 chromosomes D) 92 chromosomes The karyotype shown would belong to A. Normal human male B. Normal human female C. Male with a chromosomal abnormality D. Female with a chromosomal abnormality 11 12arrow_forwardImagine a scenario in which prenatal testing of a human female fetus indicates that the baby will have a normal XX karyotype but is heterozygous for a mutation that inactivates the Xist promoter. Allele “Xr” represents the mutated version of the Xist promoter, and “XR” represents the normal version of the Xist promoter. How will this mutation affect the process of X inactivation?A. "X inactivation will still be random with both mutant and normal X chromosomes being randomly inactivated" B. "The chromosome with the mutant Xist promoter will always be active" C. "The chromosome with the mutant Xist promoter will always be inactivated" D. "The normal X chromosome (no mutation in Xist) will always be active" E. "The normal X chromosome (no mutation in Xist) will always be inactivated"arrow_forwardFor XCI to occur, where are the Xist and Tsix genes expressed?a. Xist is expressed only on Xa, and Tsix is expressed onlyon Xi.b. Xist is expressed only on Xi, and Tsix is expressed onlyon Xa.c. Xist is expressed only on Xa, and Tsix is expressed onlyon Xa.d. Xist is expressed only on Xi, and Tsix is expressed onlyon Xi.arrow_forward
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