Concept explainers
(a)
Interpretation:
Synthesis of the given compound has to be proposed using benzene as starting material.
Concept Introduction:
Benzene is an electron rich
The delocalized nature of pi electrons in benzene attributes a special property to benzene called resonance.
Halogenation: In halogenation reaction, hydrogen atom of a molecule is replaced by a halogen atom
Nitration: in nitration reaction, one nitro group
(b)
Interpretation: Synthesis of the given compound has to be proposed using benzene as starting material.
Concept Introduction:
Benzene is an electron rich aromatic compound. It undergoes aromatic electrophilic substitution reaction.
The delocalized nature of pi electrons in benzene attributes a special property to benzene called resonance.
Friedel-Crafts Alkylation: This Lewis acid-catalyzed electrophilic aromatic replacement allows the synthesis of alkylated products by means of the reaction of arenes through
Nitration: in nitration reaction, one nitro group
Oxidation: If - oxygen atoms are added to a species or hydrogen atom gets removed from a species during a
(c)
Interpretation: Synthesis of the given compound has to be proposed using benzene as starting material.
Concept Introduction:
Benzene is an electron rich aromatic compound. It undergoes aromatic electrophilic substitution reaction.
The delocalized nature of pi electrons in benzene attributes a special property to benzene called resonance.
Friedel-Crafts Alkylation: This Lewis acid-catalyzed electrophilic aromatic replacement allows the synthesis of alkylated products by means of the reaction of arenes through alkyl halides or alkenes.
Nitration: in nitration reaction, one nitro group
Halogenation: In halogenation reaction, hydrogen atom of a molecule is replaced by a halogen atom
(d)
Interpretation: Synthesis of the given compound has to be proposed using benzene as starting material.
Concept Introduction:
Benzene is an electron rich aromatic compound. It undergoes aromatic electrophilic substitution reaction.
The delocalized nature of pi electrons in benzene attributes a special property to benzene called resonance.
Friedel-Crafts Acylation: This Lewis acid-catalyzed electrophilic aromatic substitution is the reaction between arenes and acyl chlorides or anhydrides for the synthesis of monoacylated compound. The products are deactivated, as well as do not undergo a second substitution.
Chlorination: In chlorination reaction, hydrogen atom of a molecule is replaced by a chlorine atom.
Nitration: in nitration reaction, one nitro group
(e)
Interpretation: Synthesis of the given compound has to be proposed using benzene as starting material.
Concept Introduction:
Benzene is an electron rich aromatic compound. It undergoes aromatic electrophilic substitution reaction.
The delocalized nature of pi electrons in benzene attributes a special property to benzene called resonance.
Friedel-Crafts Alkylation: This Lewis acid-catalyzed electrophilic aromatic replacement allows the synthesis of alkylated products by means of the reaction of arenes through alkyl halides or alkenes.
Nitration: in nitration reaction, one nitro group
Oxidation: If electrons are moved from a species or oxygen atoms are added to a species or hydrogen atom gets removed from a species during a chemical reaction is known as reduction.
Bromination: In bromination reaction, hydrogen atom of a molecule is replaced by a bromine atom.
Chlorination: In chlorination reaction, hydrogen atom of a molecule is replaced by a chlorine atom.
(f)
Interpretation: Synthesis of the given compound has to be proposed using benzene as starting material.
Concept Introduction:
Benzene is an electron rich aromatic compound. It undergoes aromatic electrophilic substitution reaction.
The delocalized nature of pi electrons in benzene attributes a special property to benzene called resonance.
Nucleophilic aromatic substitution reaction:
Nitration: in nitration reaction, one nitro group
Chlorination: In chlorination reaction, hydrogen atom of a molecule is replaced by a chlorine atom.
(g)
Interpretation: Synthesis of the given compound has to be proposed using benzene as starting material.
Concept Introduction:
Benzene is an electron rich aromatic compound. It undergoes aromatic electrophilic substitution reaction.
The delocalized nature of pi electrons in benzene attributes a special property to benzene called resonance.
Friedel-Crafts Alkylation: This Lewis acid-catalyzed electrophilic aromatic replacement allows the synthesis of alkylated products by means of the reaction of arenes through alkyl halides or alkenes.
Nitration: in nitration reaction, one nitro group
Halogenation: In halogenation reaction, hydrogen atom of a molecule is replaced by a halogen atom
(h)
Interpretation: Synthesis of the given compound has to be proposed using benzene as starting material.
Concept Introduction:
Benzene is an electron rich aromatic compound. It undergoes aromatic electrophilic substitution reaction.
The delocalized nature of pi electrons in benzene attributes a special property to benzene called resonance.
Friedel-Crafts Alkylation: This Lewis acid-catalyzed electrophilic aromatic replacement allows the synthesis of alkylated products by means of the reaction of arenes through alkyl halides or alkenes.
Nitration: in nitration reaction, one nitro group
Bromination: In bromination reaction, hydrogen atom of a molecule is replaced by a bromine atom.
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Chapter 18 Solutions
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