Concept explainers
Interpretation: Reason for why 2–nitroaniline cannot be prepared from benzene has to be explained.
Concept Introduction:
Deactivators are electron withdrawing groups attached to the benzenes that have either positive charge or an atom with high electronegativity. They are meta directors.
Activators are electron donating groups attached to the benzenes that have either electron density that is able to push into benzene ring or a lone pair of electrons. They are ortho–para directing.
Reduction: If electrons are gained to a species or hydrogen atoms are added to a species or oxygen atom gets removed from a species during a
Nitration: in nitration reaction, one nitro group
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