Chapter 18.3, Problem 1PE

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The change in entropy for the given vapour processes has to be identified.

Concept Introduction:

In thermodynamics, entropy refers to randomness of the system.  Second Law of thermodynamics states that the entropy of the universe is increasing.  That is, the system is always tending to have more disorders in it.  Let us consider the example of diffusion of gas molecule to understand the concept of entropy.  When a perfume bottle is opened the fragrance is immediately spread into the surroundings.  Inside the bottle the gas molecules are close to each other and entropy is less.  Once the bottle is opened the gas molecules escapes into the surroundings and have more disorderly arrangements.  The SI unit of entropy is ${\text{JK}}^{\text{-1}}$.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The change in entropy for the given supersaturated processes has to be identified.

Concept Introduction:

 In thermodynamics, entropy refers to randomness of the system. Second Law of thermodynamics states that the entropy of the universe is increasing.  That is, the system is always tending to have more disorders in it.  Let us consider the example of diffusion of gas molecule to understand the concept of entropy.  When a perfume bottle is opened the fragrance is immediately spread into the surroundings.  Inside the bottle the gas molecules are close to each other and entropy is less.  Once the bottle is opened the gas molecules escapes into the surroundings and have more disorderly arrangements.

The SI unit of entropy is ${\text{JK}}^{\text{-1}}$.

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The change in entropy for the given gases processes has to be identified.

Concept Introduction:

 In thermodynamics, entropy refers to randomness of the system. Second Law of thermodynamics states that the entropy of the universe is increasing.  That is, the system is always tending to have more disorders in it.  Let us consider the example of diffusion of gas molecule to understand the concept of entropy.  When a perfume bottle is opened the fragrance is immediately spread into the surroundings.  Inside the bottle the gas molecules are close to each other and entropy is less.  Once the bottle is opened the gas molecules escapes into the surroundings and have more disorderly arrangements.

The SI unit of entropy is ${\text{JK}}^{\text{-1}}$.

(d)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The change in entropy for the given subliming processes has to be identified.

Concept Introduction:

 In thermodynamics, entropy refers to randomness of the system. Second Law of thermodynamics states that the entropy of the universe is increasing.  That is, the system is always tending to have more disorders in it.  Let us consider the example of diffusion of gas molecule to understand the concept of entropy.  When a perfume bottle is opened the fragrance is immediately spread into the surroundings.  Inside the bottle the gas molecules are close to each other and entropy is less.  Once the bottle is opened the gas molecules escapes into the surroundings and have more disorderly arrangements.

The SI unit of entropy is ${\text{JK}}^{\text{-1}}$.