Loose-leaf Version for What Is Life? A Guide to Biology 4E & LaunchPad for What is Life? A Guide to Biology 4E (Twelve Month Access)
4th Edition
ISBN: 9781319154639
Author: Jay Phelan
Publisher: W.H. Freeman & Co
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Chapter 19, Problem 10SA
Summary Introduction
To review:
How the cohesion-tension mechanism allows vascular plants to transport water without a pump; and how this mechanism affects the maximum height a tree can reach.
Introduction:
Water has three properties that are responsible for the cohesion-tension mechanism – evaporation, cohesion and tension.
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Describe the cohesion-tension model of water movement through xylem. Would the weight of water be more of a problem in an upright tree or in a stolon? Why?
In plants, water is transported through vessels called xylern. The cohesiveness of water molecules allows them to travel up the walls of the vessel. However, for most plants this is not enough to move the water all the way to the top of the plant. How do plants overcome the force of gravity and move water to their upper tissues ? Root hairs push water through the roots and up into the xylem. Plants absorb water through transpiration to supply their upper tissues with water . С The guard cells surrounding the stomata expand and contract, pushing water through the xylem. Water escapes from the leaves through transpiration, creating a vacuum which pulls water up the xylem.
What are apical meristems?Which type of plant growthdoes this meristem promote?
Chapter 19 Solutions
Loose-leaf Version for What Is Life? A Guide to Biology 4E & LaunchPad for What is Life? A Guide to Biology 4E (Twelve Month Access)
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- Discuss which pathway permits the passage of most solutes and water inside the roots? Which pathway allows the entry of most of the water and some of the solutes inside the root tissue? Explain how the Casparian strip creates a barrier for substance moving through this pathway and how it is circumvented.arrow_forwardWhere does radial water flow of plant happen and what are the THREE (3) pathways?arrow_forwardWhen does the effect of root pressure in transport of water is more important?arrow_forward
- Discuss the transport of water from roots to leaves and a particular tropism/nastic movement in Rosa damascenaarrow_forwardWater ascent up a plant is vital for maintaining proper physiological function of the leaves, (a) is root pressure or the cohesion-tension theory MORE important in supplying water to the leaf? (b) explain the difference in the driving force of water ascent between root pressure and cohesion tension.arrow_forwardA Vhet do we call the structures found on the root epidermis that increase the plant's capacity absorb water? d) Briefly explain how the structures you mentioned in c) increase the plant's capacity to absort water. e) Complete the table below: Transport method for water Transport method for (passive / active?) Root Tissue minerals (passive/activ Epidermis: Active Cortex: Active Endodermis: Active Xylem:arrow_forward
- Consider the pressure flow model of phloem transport. How do sugars and water enter the phloem from the source? How do sugars and water move from one phloem cell to another?arrow_forwardWhat is an adventitious root? In a monocot rhizome such as that of irises and bamboo, are adventitious roots common or rare? If a bamboo rhizome grows 100 feet underground and then sends up an aerial branch, where does that branch get its water—from the roots 100 feet away or from adventitious roots right at its basearrow_forwardExplain the difference between symplast and transmembrane water transport pathways in plants. (i) (ii) Explain positive hydrostatic pressure in the root and conditions causing the root pressure. What is the phenomenon likely caused by this root pressure? (iii) Describe the phenomenon observed in Question 1 c) (ii) with inclusion of plant structures involved.arrow_forward
- What does hydraulic conductance mean in the following? The hydraulic limitation hypothesis proposes that reduced growth in taller trees is caused by decreased photosynthesis resulting from a decrease in hydraulic conductance promoted by a longer root-to-leaf flow path.arrow_forwardIn a comparison of the water potential and turgor pressure of leaf cells before and after wilting, which of the following would you expect to find? Select one: a. Water potential: wilted = not wilted; Turgor Pressure: wilted < not wilted b. Water potential: wilted > not wilted; Turgor Pressure: wilted < not wilted c. Water potential: wilted < not wilted; Turgor Pressure: wilted > not wilted d. Water potential: wilted < not wilted; Turgor Pressure: wilted < not wilted e. Water potential: wilted > not wilted; Turgor Pressure: wilted > not wiltedarrow_forwardIn xylem, the pressure potential is a negative number. Why? What does the weight of the water have to do with this? Stolons, rhizomes, and horizontal vines do not have a problem with the weight of water. Why? In the epiphytic cactus Rhipsalis, the weight of water actually makes conduction easier. Why?arrow_forward
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