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ESSENTIAL COSMIC PERS.-W/MASTER.ACCESS
9th Edition
ISBN: 9780135795750
Author: Bennett
Publisher: PEARSON
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Textbook Question
Chapter 19, Problem 11EAP
What do we mean by a star's habitable zone? What key factors have given Earth long-term surface habitability, and do they seem likely on other worlds? Explain.
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Tutorial
A radio broadcast left Earth in 1925. How far in light years has it traveled?
If there is, on average, 1 star system per 400 cubic light years, how many star systems has this broadcast
reached?
Assume that the fraction of these star systems that have planets is 0.30 and that, in a given planetary
system, the average number of planets that have orbited in the habitable zone for 4 billion years is 0.85. How
many possible planets with life could have heard this signal?
Part 1 of 3
To figure out how many light years a signal has traveled we need to know how long since the signal left Earth.
If the signal left in 1925, distance in light years = time since broadcast left Earth.
d = tnow - tbroadcast
d =
light years
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Tutorial
A radio broadcast left Earth in 1923. How far in light
years has it traveled?
If there is, on average, 1 star system per 400 cubic light
years, how many star systems has this broadcast
reached?
Assume that the fraction of these star systems that
have planets is 0.50 and that, in a given planetary
system, the average number of planets that have
orbited in the habitable zone for 4 billion years is 0.40.
How many possible planets with life could have heard
this signal?
Part 1 of 3
To figure out how many light years a signal has
traveled we need to know how long since the signal left
Earth. If the signal left in 1923, distance in light years =
time since broadcast left Earth.
d = tnow - broadcast
d = 97
97 light years
Part 2 of 3
Since the radio signal travels in all directions, it
expanded as a sphere with a radius equal to the
distance it has traveled so far. To determine the
number of star systems this signal has reached, we
need to determine the volume of that sphere.
V, =
Vb…
Which of the following is least reasonable regarding the concept of a habitable zone?
Group of answer choices
M-type stars have wider habitable zones than G-type stars.
It is a region around a star where liquid water could be found on a planet's surface.
The habitable zone of a less massive star would be closer to the star.
In the course of millions of years, our habitable zone will slowly shift from Earth to Mars.
The Galactic habitable zone cannot be too close to the Galactic center because the radiation from the bright stars and supernovae in the crowded inner part of the Galaxy would probably be detrimental to life.
Chapter 19 Solutions
ESSENTIAL COSMIC PERS.-W/MASTER.ACCESS
Ch. 19 - Prob. 1VSCCh. 19 - Prob. 2VSCCh. 19 - Prob. 3VSCCh. 19 - Prob. 4VSCCh. 19 - Prob. 5VSCCh. 19 - Prob. 6VSCCh. 19 - Prob. 1EAPCh. 19 - Prob. 2EAPCh. 19 - Prob. 3EAPCh. 19 - Why is the theory of evolution so critical to our...
Ch. 19 - How are laboratory experiments helping us study...Ch. 19 - Give a brief overview of the history of life on...Ch. 19 - Is it possible that life migrated to Earth from...Ch. 19 - Describe the range of environments in which life...Ch. 19 - Prob. 9EAPCh. 19 - Briefly summarize the current status of the search...Ch. 19 - What do we mean by a star's habitable zone? What...Ch. 19 - What types of worlds might support surface...Ch. 19 - Prob. 13EAPCh. 19 - Prob. 14EAPCh. 19 - Prob. 15EAPCh. 19 - Prob. 16EAPCh. 19 - Prob. 17EAPCh. 19 - Prob. 18EAPCh. 19 - In 2050, a spacecraft lands on Europa and melts...Ch. 19 - Prob. 20EAPCh. 19 - Prob. 21EAPCh. 19 - Prob. 22EAPCh. 19 - In the year 2750, we receive a signal from a...Ch. 19 - Crew members of the matter-antimatter spacecraft...Ch. 19 - Prob. 25EAPCh. 19 - A single great galactic civilization exists. It...Ch. 19 - Prob. 27EAPCh. 19 - Prob. 28EAPCh. 19 - Prob. 29EAPCh. 19 - Prob. 30EAPCh. 19 - Prob. 31EAPCh. 19 - Prob. 32EAPCh. 19 - Prob. 33EAPCh. 19 - Prob. 34EAPCh. 19 - Prob. 35EAPCh. 19 - Prob. 36EAPCh. 19 - The Turning Point. The end of this chapter...Ch. 19 - The Science of Astrobiology. The study of...Ch. 19 - Astrobiology Funding. Imagine that you were a...Ch. 19 - Prob. 41EAPCh. 19 - Unanswered Questions. In a sense, this entire...Ch. 19 - Prob. 44EAPCh. 19 - Most Likely to Have Life. Suppose you were asked...Ch. 19 - Prob. 46EAPCh. 19 - Prob. 47EAPCh. 19 - Prob. 48EAPCh. 19 - Prob. 49EAPCh. 19 - Prob. 50EAPCh. 19 - Prob. 51EAPCh. 19 - Prob. 52EAPCh. 19 - Prob. 53EAP
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Need a deep-dive on the concept behind this application? Look no further. Learn more about this topic, physics and related others by exploring similar questions and additional content below.Similar questions
- A radio broadcast left Earth in 1911. How far in light years has it traveled? If there is, on average, 1 star system per 400 cubic light years, how many star systems has this broadcast reached? Assume that the fraction of these star systems that have planets is 0.50 and that, in a given planetary system, the average number of planets that have orbited in the habitable zone for 4 billion years is 0.20. How many possible planets with life could have heard this signal?arrow_forwardHow is a habitable zone likely to change over time? a. get narrower b. move further from the star c. they aren't likely to changearrow_forwardHow does the habitable zone differ for a star hotter than the sun?arrow_forward
- What are the three requirements that scientists believe an environment needs to supply life with in order to be considered habitable?arrow_forwardIn this chapter, we identify these characteristic properties of life: life extracts energy from its environment, and has a means of encoding and replicating information in order to make faithful copies of itself. Does this definition fully capture what we think of as “life”? How might our definition be biased by our terrestrial environment?arrow_forwardHow can a planet’s atmosphere affect the width of the habitable zone in its planetary system?arrow_forward
- The most promising places to look for other habitable planets would be orbiting stars similar to our Sun, or even dimmer than our Sun in our own solar system in other galaxies orbitin bright, giant stars like Betelgeusearrow_forwardFor which of the following reasons (select all that apply), is it useful/important to send rovers to other planetary bodies in our solar system? O a. The engineering innovations developed to produce successful/viable rovers and landers on other planets can help lead to developments in the technology used here on Earth that may have taken far more time to develop without the limitations provided by space travel to foreign worlds. O b. The data collected can help improve our understanding of the evolution/development of our solar system. O. Rovers/landers can be outfitted with various tools and equipment that can be used to inform of us of the geological histories of each of the planets they visit. O d. More direct probes of the planetary surface are possible to detect signs of the building blocks of life. O e. Rock samples can be used to calibrate our estimations of the age of the solar system.arrow_forwardThe principle cause of our intense interest in Mars in the decades before the dawn of the space age was that Answers: A. a few astronomers believed that they saw evidence of an intelligent civilization on Mars. B. Mars has seasons just like the Earth and therefore should be inhabitable by humans. C. Mars has an unusual surface color and global dust storms, creating strange weather patterns. D. Mars has unusual orbital properties making our understanding of its motion around the Sun very difficult.arrow_forward
- A newly discovered orange dwarf star has a surface temperature of approximately 5185 K. How far would its Goldilocks Zone be from the star if an astrologist wanted to look for potentially habitable planets? And how wide would the zone be?arrow_forwardWhat is the best way to determine if a exoplanet has life inside it? Group of answer choices Detect the star the exoplanet is orbiting and compare it to the Sun. Detect the exoplanet and determine if it is in the habitable zone of the star. Detect the exoplanet and study the atmosphere of the exoplanet. Detect the exoplanet and determine its age to see if it is similar to the age of the Earth.arrow_forwardWhich of the following seems least reasonable regarding life on Earth? Group of answer choices There is much scientific evidence suggesting that all creatures living on Earth today appear to have evolved from a common ancestor. Louis Pasteur discredited the concept of spontaneous generation by demonstrating that even bacteria and other microorganisms arise from parents resembling themselves. There is ample physical evidence that the earliest life forms on Earth were multicellular creatures, perhaps resembling some of our primitive fish. When the earth formed some 4.6 billion years ago, it was a lifeless, inhospitable place. Before the mid-17th century, most people believed that God had created humankind and other higher organisms and that insects, frogs, and other small creatures could arise spontaneously in mud or decaying matter About billion years into its development, the Earth it was teeming with organisms resembling blue-green algae.arrow_forward
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