Macroeconomics W/connect+learnsmart>ip<
20th Edition
ISBN: 9781308140032
Author: McConnell
Publisher: MCG/CREATE
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Chapter 19, Problem 2RQ
To determine
Sticky price and changes in aggregate supply curve .
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The following graph plots aggregate demand (AD2027AD2027) and aggregate supply (AS) for the imaginary country of Cotopaxi in the year 2027.
Suppose the natural level of output in this economy is $6 trillion.
On the following graph, use the green line (triangle symbol) to plot the long-run aggregate supply (LRAS) curve for this economy.
Economists forecast that if the government takes no action and the economy continues to grow at the current rate, aggregate demand in 2028 will be given by the curve labeled ADAADA, resulting in the outcome given by point A. If, however, the government pursues an expansionary policy, aggregate demand in 2028 will be given by the curve labeled ADBADB, resulting in the outcome given by point B.
The following table presents projections for the unemployment rates that would occur at point A and point B. Consider the potential rate of inflation between 2027 and 2028, depending on whether the economy moves from the initial price level of 102 to the…
Let us define "peak oil" as a point in time where the quantity of oil extracted and consumed (let's just assume these are the same) reaches a maximum and then starts to decline. Based on economic theory, (in other words, I'm not asking you to predict anything specific about the oil market in the real world, just a general theory question) should we expect this period of declining production to be accompanied by high and rising prices or by low/falling prices? Give a brief explanation using graphs where appropriate.
According to the "4-Quadrant Model" (4QM), which of the following statement is correct?
O If there is a positive demand shock in the space market, the housing rent is going to increase in the short run,
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O If there is a positive demand shock in the asset market, the housing price is going to decrease in the short run,
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Chapter 19 Solutions
Macroeconomics W/connect+learnsmart>ip<
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- Describe the change in aggregate supply that should result from each of the following changes in determinants. Assume that nothing else is changing besides the identified change. (In your answer, indicate whether the change will "Decrease" or "Increase" aggregate supply or have no effect.) (a) A rise in the average price of inputs; (b) An increase in worker productivity; (c) Government antipollution regulations become stricter; (d) A new subsidy program is enacted for new business investment in productive equipment; (e) Energy prices decline.arrow_forwardSuppose the aggregate demand (AD) and short-run aggregate supply (AS) schedules for an economy whose potential GDP (LRAS) equals to $2,700 are given by the table. Now suppose aggregate demand increases by $700 at each price level; for example, the new aggregate demanded at a price level of 50 now equals to $4,200. How will the shift in AD change the original output, price level, and employment? Name one factor that can cause the increase in aggregate demand and the shifting of the curve.arrow_forwardSuppose the economy is operating at potential GDP when it experiences an increase in export demand. How might the economy increase production of exports to meet this demand, given that the economy is already at full employment?arrow_forward
- 2.3. In macroeconomics, the immediate short run is known as a length of time when both input prices and output prices are fixed. In the short-run, input prices are fixed but output prices are variable. In the long run, input prices and output prices can vary. What happens in the immediate short-run when AD rises from AD to AD2 to the price level and output? What happens in the short-run when AD falls from AD to AD1 to the price level and output? What will happen in each case in the long-run?arrow_forwardThe following graph shows an increase in aggregate demand (AD) in a hypothetical country. Specifically, aggregate demand shifts to the right from AD1 to AD2, causing the quantity of output demanded to rise at all price levels. For example, at a price level of 140, output is now $400 billion, where previously it was $300 billion. 170 160 150 140 - 130 AD2 120 110 AD, 100 90 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 OUTPUT (Billions of dollars) The following table lists several determinants of aggregate demand. Complete the table by indicating the change in each determinant necessary to increase aggregate demand. Change Needed to Increase AD Wealth Taxes Interest rates The value of the domestic currency relative to the foreign currency PRICE LEVELarrow_forwardThe following graph shows the short-run and long-run aggregate supply curves (SRAS and LRAS) for an economy. Suppose there is a technological improvement that allows firms to reduce their costs of production permanently. Drag one or both of the curves on the graph to illustrate the long-term effects of this change. If you don't believe there will be any long-term effects, leave the curves where they are. 240 LRAS SRAS 200 SRAS 160 LRAS 120 80 40 6 12 18 24 REAL GDP (Trillions of dollars) Assuming aggregate demand is not affected by the technological improvement, the long-run effect of this v supply shock is v in aggregate output and v in the price level. PRICE LEVELarrow_forward
- The following graph shows a decrease in short-run aggregate supply (AS) in a hypothetical economy where the currency is the dollar. Specifically, the short-run aggregate supply curve shifts to the left from AS 1 to AS 2 , causing the quantity of output supplied at a price level of 100 to fall from $200 billion to $150 billion. The following table lists several determinants of short-run aggregate supply. Fill in the table by indicating the changes in the determinants necessary to decrease short-run aggregate supply.arrow_forwardThe Greek letter a represents a number that determines how much output responds to unexpected changes in the price level. In this case, assume that a = $2 billion. That is, when the actual price level exceeds the expected price level by 1, the quantity of output supplied will exceed the natural level of output by $2 billion. Suppose the natural level of output is $60 billion of real GDP and that people expect a price level of 95. On the following graph, use the purple line (diamond symbol) to plot this economy's long-run aggregate supply (LRAS) curve. Then use the orange line segments (square symbol) to plot the economy's short-run aggregate supply (AS) curve at each of the following price levels: 85, 90, 95, 100, and 105. PRICE LEVEL 125 120 115 110 105 100 95 90 85 80 75 0 10 20 40 50 60 70 30 OUTPUT (Billions of dollars) 80 90 100 O AS LRAS ? The short-run quantity of output supplied by firms will fall short of the natural level of output when the actual price level level that…arrow_forwardThe following graph shows a decrease in short-run aggregate supply (AS) in a hypothetical economy where the currency is the dollar. Specifically, the short-run aggregate supply curve shifts to the left from ASi to AS2, causing the quantity of output supplied at a price level of 100 to fall from $200 billion to $150 billion. (? 200 AS2 175 150 125 100 75 50 25 50 100 150 200 250 300 350 400 QUANTITY OF OUTPUT PRICE LEVELarrow_forward
- 2) Use the table above to answer the following questions.a) What is the value of real GDP and price level at the long run macroeconomic equilibrium?b) What is the value of real GDP and price level at the short run macroeconomic equilibrium?c) Is the short-run macroeconomic equilibrium a full-employment equilibrium, below full-employment equilibrium, or above full-employment equilibrium?d) How will this economy return to its long run equilibrium? Explain using self-correctingmechanism.arrow_forwardSuppose the full employment output level in this economy is $320 billion. In order to move the economy to full-employment output at the lowest possible price level, the aggregate demand curve must shift to the by at each price level. Use the green line (triangle symbols) to show the shift in aggregate demand necessary to return the economy to full employment. Then use the purple drop lines (diamond symbol) to show the macroeconomic equilibrium at full-employment output. Be sure the new aggregate demand curve (AD₂) is parallel to AD₁. You can click on AD, to see its slope. Suppose the government in this economy wants to enact fiscal policies that will shift the aggregate demand curve in the direction and magnitude you indicated. The marginal propensity to consume (MPC) in this economy is 0.50. This implies a spending multiplier of ▼ and tax multiplier of Consider each fiscal policy listed here. Which policies would shift the aggregate demand curve in a way that restores full-employment…arrow_forwardUse the following graph to answer the following questions. Line Y Price level (P) 100 80 B Line Z Line X2 Line X1 Real GDP (3) If point A occurs chronologically before point B, then this graph could represent a decrease in aggregate demand with a decrease in long-run and short-run aggregate supply. a decrease in aggregate demand with constant long-run and short-run aggregate supply. constant aggregate demand with a decline in long-run aggregate supply. an increase in aggregate demand with constant long-run and short-run aggregate supply. constant aggregate demand with a decline in short-run aggregate supply.arrow_forward
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