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Foundations of Astronomy
13th Edition
ISBN: 9781305079151
Author: Michael A. Seeds, Dana Backman
Publisher: Cengage Learning
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Chapter 19, Problem 4DQ
To determine
Check whether the statement that extra planets may be common on assuming nebula hypothesis is correct and state the reason.
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If the solar nebula hypothesis is correct, do you think there are more planets in the Universe than stars? Why or why not?
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A star with mass 1.05 M has a luminosity of 4.49 × 1026 W and effective temperature of 5700 K. It dims to 4.42 × 1026 W every 1.39 Earth days due to a transiting exoplanet. The duration of the transit reveals that the exoplanet orbits at a distance of 0.0617 AU. Based on this information, calculate the radius of the planet (expressed in Jupiter radii) and the minimum inclination of its orbit to our line of sight.
Follow up observations of the star in part reveal that a spectral feature with a rest wavelength of 656 nm is redshifted by 1.41×10−3 nm with the same period as the observed transit. Assuming a circular orbit what can be inferred about the planet’s mass (expressed in Jupiter masses)?
Imagine that in the future, scientists plan on colonizing planets that orbit other stars. Based on your knowledge of the life cycle of stars, decide which type of star (High mass or Low mass) the planet should orbit that would allow for human life to safely live on that planet for the longest period of time.
Explain your answer using examples from the life cycle of each star.
Chapter 19 Solutions
Foundations of Astronomy
Ch. 19 - Why is the solar nebula theory considered a theory...Ch. 19 - Why was the nebular hypothesis never fully...Ch. 19 - What produced the helium now present in the Suns...Ch. 19 - What produced the iron and heavier elements such...Ch. 19 - Prob. 5RQCh. 19 - What evidence can you give that disks of gas and...Ch. 19 - According to the solar nebula theory, why is...Ch. 19 - Prob. 8RQCh. 19 - Prob. 9RQCh. 19 - Why does the solar nebula theory predict that...
Ch. 19 - What evidence can you give that the Solar System...Ch. 19 - Prob. 12RQCh. 19 - Prob. 13RQCh. 19 - Prob. 14RQCh. 19 - Prob. 15RQCh. 19 - Prob. 16RQCh. 19 - Prob. 17RQCh. 19 - Prob. 18RQCh. 19 - Prob. 19RQCh. 19 - Prob. 20RQCh. 19 - Prob. 21RQCh. 19 - What planet in the Solar System is larger than the...Ch. 19 - Why is almost every solid surface in the Solar...Ch. 19 - Prob. 24RQCh. 19 - Prob. 25RQCh. 19 - Prob. 26RQCh. 19 - What is the difference between condensation and...Ch. 19 - Why dont Terrestrial planets have ring systems...Ch. 19 - How does the solar nebula theory help you...Ch. 19 - Prob. 30RQCh. 19 - If rocks obtained from the Moon indicate an age of...Ch. 19 - Which is older, the Moon or the Sun? How do you...Ch. 19 - How does the solar nebula theory explain the...Ch. 19 - Did hydrogen gas condense from the nebula as the...Ch. 19 - Prob. 35RQCh. 19 - What happens if a planet has differentiated? Would...Ch. 19 - Order the following steps in the formation of a...Ch. 19 - Which step(s) listed in the previous question can...Ch. 19 - Describe two processes that could melt the...Ch. 19 - What is the evidence that Jupiter and Saturn are...Ch. 19 - Describe two processes that cleared the solar...Ch. 19 - What is the difference between a planetesimal and...Ch. 19 - Does Uranus have enough mass to have formed by...Ch. 19 - What properties of the gas and dust disks observed...Ch. 19 - Why would the astronomically short lifetime of gas...Ch. 19 - Prob. 46RQCh. 19 - Prob. 47RQCh. 19 - Describe three methods to find extrasolar planets.Ch. 19 - Why is the existence of hot Jupiters puzzling?...Ch. 19 - Prob. 50RQCh. 19 - The evidence is overwhelming that the Grand Canyon...Ch. 19 - Prob. 52RQCh. 19 - Prob. 1DQCh. 19 - Prob. 2DQCh. 19 - Prob. 3DQCh. 19 - Prob. 4DQCh. 19 - Prob. 5DQCh. 19 - Prob. 6DQCh. 19 - If you observed the Solar System from the vantage...Ch. 19 - Venus can be as bright as apparent magnitude 4.7...Ch. 19 - What is the smallest-diameter crater you can...Ch. 19 - Prob. 4PCh. 19 - Prob. 5PCh. 19 - You analyze a sample of a meteorite that landed on...Ch. 19 - You analyze a sample of a meteorite that landed on...Ch. 19 - Prob. 8PCh. 19 - Examine Table 18-2. What might a planets...Ch. 19 - Examine Table 18-2. What might a planets...Ch. 19 - Suppose that Earth grew to its present size in 10...Ch. 19 - Prob. 12PCh. 19 - Prob. 13PCh. 19 - What do you see in this image that indicates this...Ch. 19 - Why do astronomers conclude that the surface of...Ch. 19 - Prob. 3LTLCh. 19 - Prob. 4LTL
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- Why was the nebular hypothesis never fully accepted by astronomers of the day?arrow_forwardHow do the planets in our solar system, for example Jupiter, affect the orbits of the other planets? How relatively stable are the orbits of the planets in the solar system?arrow_forwardWhy are we unlikely to find Earth-like planets around halo stars in the Galaxy? A. Halo stars formed in a different way from disk stars. B. Planets around stars are known to be extremely rare. C. Halo stars formed in an environment where there were few heavy elements to create rocky planets. D. Halo stars do not have enough mass to hold onto planets. Is the answer C? Since halo stars are formed early when the galaxy consisted of mainly hydrogen and helium, there are no heavier elements available to create Earth-like planets so just halo stars are formed? Thanks!arrow_forward
- The Sun is moving at 220 ??/? around the Galactic Center at a more-or-less constant distance of 8.5 ???. To appreciate how remarkable this is, consider the following questions: a) How massive would the Sun have to be for the Earth to have an orbital velocity of 220 km/s at 1 AU? b) How fast would the Earth move if it was in orbit around the Sun at a distance of 8.5 kpc? Of course, you may ignore the effects of all other stars in this calculation.arrow_forwardSuppose that stars were born at random times over the last 10e10 years. The rate ofstar formation is simply the number of stars divided by 10e10 years. The fraction ofstars with detected extrasolar planets is at least 9 %. The rate of star formation can bemultiplied by this fraction to find the rate planet formation. How often (in years) doesa planetary system form in our galaxy? Assume the Milky Way contains 7 × 10e11 stars. I've done this problem 3 different times from scratch and looked at similar problems here. Each time my answer is 1.587 (1.59 rounded to 2 significant figures), but when I submit, it says the answer is wrong. What do you think?arrow_forwardF2 Planets in the habitable zone of their stars: 1 #3 3 O are so far from their stars that it is very difficult to discover them O are at a temperature where water can exist as a liquid on the planet's surface O are always the planets closest to the star are also called hot Jupiters O cannot exist around stars that are red dwarfs (spectral type M) E G D F3 $ 54 2 4 R F4 LL F DII % 5 Q Search F5 T 9 -0. G < 6 A F6 Y * F7 & 7 H PrtScn U FB 8 Home Jarrow_forward
- In a globular cluster, astronomers (someday) discover a star with the same mass as our Sun, but consisting entirely of hydrogen and helium. Is this star a good place to point our SETI antennas and search for radio signals from an advanced civilization? Group of answer choices No, because such a star (and any planets around it) would not have the heavier elements (carbon, nitrogen, oxygen, etc.) that we believe are necessary to start life as we know it. Yes, because globular clusters are among the closest star clusters to us, so that they would be easy to search for radio signals. Yes, because we have already found radio signals from another civilization living near a star in a globular cluster. No, because such a star would most likely not have a stable (main-sequence) stage that is long enough for a technological civilization to develop. Yes, because such a star is probably old and a technological civilization will have had a long time to evolve and develop there.arrow_forwardWhite Dwarf Size II. The white dwarf, Sirius B, contains 0.98 solar mass, and its density is about 2 x 106 g/cm?. Find the radius of the white dwarf in km to three significant digits. (Hint: Density = mass/volume, and the volume of a 4 sphere is Tr.) 3 km Compare your answer with the radii of the planets listed in the Table A-10. Which planet is this white dwarf is closely equal to in size? I Table A-10 I Properties of the Planets ORBITAL PROPERTIES Semimajor Axis (a) Orbital Period (P) Average Orbital Velocity (km/s) Orbital Inclination Planet (AU) (106 km) (v) (days) Eccentricity to Ecliptic Mercury 0.387 57.9 0.241 88.0 47.9 0.206 7.0° Venus 0.723 108 0.615 224.7 35.0 0.007 3.4° Earth 1.00 150 1.00 365.3 29.8 0.017 Mars 1.52 228 1.88 687.0 24.1 0.093 1.8° Jupiter 5.20 779 11.9 4332 13.1 0.049 1.30 Saturn 9.58 1433 29.5 10,759 9.7 0.056 2.5° 30,799 60,190 Uranus 19.23 2877 84.3 6.8 0.044 0.8° Neptune * By definition. 30.10 4503 164.8 5.4 0.011 1.8° PHYSICAL PROPERTIES (Earth = e)…arrow_forwardExplain the tidal hypothesis.arrow_forward
- Another explanation for the Universe is the Steady State Hypothesis. The Steady State Hypothesis says that the Universe has always existed and is infinite in extent. Which of the following supports the Big Bang Theory and which supports the Steady State Model. (Select B-Big Bang Theory, S-Steady State Model, If the first is B and the rest S, enter BSSSSS). A) An observation that some globular clusters show M-type stars that have evolved off the main sequence. B) The measurement of redshifts that show galaxies appear to be moving away from each other and the Universe is expanding. C) A measurement that shows the density of the Universe is close to the critical density. D) The measurement of the microwave background radiation. E) Observing that galaxies at very large distances look identical to those in the nearby universe.arrow_forwardThe NASA Kepler mission detected a transiting planet that blocks 1.3% of the stars light and the host star has a radius 82% of the Sun's radius (the Sun has a radius of 700,000 km) what is the radius of the exosolar planet in km?arrow_forwardDescribe the Nebular Theory. Include A) what it is, B)what happened, and C) at least three lines of evidence to support it.arrow_forward
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