Foundations of Astronomy
13th Edition
ISBN: 9781305079151
Author: Michael A. Seeds, Dana Backman
Publisher: Cengage Learning
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Textbook Question
Chapter 19, Problem 9P
Examine Table 18-2. What might a planet’s composition be if the planet formed in a region of the solar nebula where the temperature was about 100 K?
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How would the solar system be different if the solar nebula had cooled, with a temperature half its actual value? [select all that apply]
options:
There would be more comets.
Life would have been very unlikely to evolve here.
There would be no comets.
There would be fewer asteroids.
There would be more asteroids.
Jovian planets would have formed closer to Sun.
Terrestrial planets would be large
1
1) How massive would Earth had been if it had accreted hydrogen compounds in addition to the sme properties listed in table 7.1? (Assume the same properties of the ingredients as listed in the table)
2) Now imagine that Earth had been able to capture hydrogen and helium gas in the same proportions as listed in the table. How massive would it have been?
Chapter 19 Solutions
Foundations of Astronomy
Ch. 19 - Why is the solar nebula theory considered a theory...Ch. 19 - Why was the nebular hypothesis never fully...Ch. 19 - What produced the helium now present in the Suns...Ch. 19 - What produced the iron and heavier elements such...Ch. 19 - Prob. 5RQCh. 19 - What evidence can you give that disks of gas and...Ch. 19 - According to the solar nebula theory, why is...Ch. 19 - Prob. 8RQCh. 19 - Prob. 9RQCh. 19 - Why does the solar nebula theory predict that...
Ch. 19 - What evidence can you give that the Solar System...Ch. 19 - Prob. 12RQCh. 19 - Prob. 13RQCh. 19 - Prob. 14RQCh. 19 - Prob. 15RQCh. 19 - Prob. 16RQCh. 19 - Prob. 17RQCh. 19 - Prob. 18RQCh. 19 - Prob. 19RQCh. 19 - Prob. 20RQCh. 19 - Prob. 21RQCh. 19 - What planet in the Solar System is larger than the...Ch. 19 - Why is almost every solid surface in the Solar...Ch. 19 - Prob. 24RQCh. 19 - Prob. 25RQCh. 19 - Prob. 26RQCh. 19 - What is the difference between condensation and...Ch. 19 - Why dont Terrestrial planets have ring systems...Ch. 19 - How does the solar nebula theory help you...Ch. 19 - Prob. 30RQCh. 19 - If rocks obtained from the Moon indicate an age of...Ch. 19 - Which is older, the Moon or the Sun? How do you...Ch. 19 - How does the solar nebula theory explain the...Ch. 19 - Did hydrogen gas condense from the nebula as the...Ch. 19 - Prob. 35RQCh. 19 - What happens if a planet has differentiated? Would...Ch. 19 - Order the following steps in the formation of a...Ch. 19 - Which step(s) listed in the previous question can...Ch. 19 - Describe two processes that could melt the...Ch. 19 - What is the evidence that Jupiter and Saturn are...Ch. 19 - Describe two processes that cleared the solar...Ch. 19 - What is the difference between a planetesimal and...Ch. 19 - Does Uranus have enough mass to have formed by...Ch. 19 - What properties of the gas and dust disks observed...Ch. 19 - Why would the astronomically short lifetime of gas...Ch. 19 - Prob. 46RQCh. 19 - Prob. 47RQCh. 19 - Describe three methods to find extrasolar planets.Ch. 19 - Why is the existence of hot Jupiters puzzling?...Ch. 19 - Prob. 50RQCh. 19 - The evidence is overwhelming that the Grand Canyon...Ch. 19 - Prob. 52RQCh. 19 - Prob. 1DQCh. 19 - Prob. 2DQCh. 19 - Prob. 3DQCh. 19 - Prob. 4DQCh. 19 - Prob. 5DQCh. 19 - Prob. 6DQCh. 19 - If you observed the Solar System from the vantage...Ch. 19 - Venus can be as bright as apparent magnitude 4.7...Ch. 19 - What is the smallest-diameter crater you can...Ch. 19 - Prob. 4PCh. 19 - Prob. 5PCh. 19 - You analyze a sample of a meteorite that landed on...Ch. 19 - You analyze a sample of a meteorite that landed on...Ch. 19 - Prob. 8PCh. 19 - Examine Table 18-2. What might a planets...Ch. 19 - Examine Table 18-2. What might a planets...Ch. 19 - Suppose that Earth grew to its present size in 10...Ch. 19 - Prob. 12PCh. 19 - Prob. 13PCh. 19 - What do you see in this image that indicates this...Ch. 19 - Why do astronomers conclude that the surface of...Ch. 19 - Prob. 3LTLCh. 19 - Prob. 4LTL
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- Why would the astronomically short lifetime of gas and dust disks around protostars pose a problem in understanding how the Jovian planets formed? What modification of the solar nebula theory might solve this problem?arrow_forwardWhat happens if a planet has differentiated? Would you expect differentiation to be common among the planets? Why or why not?arrow_forwardLook at Figure 21-11. Which molecule(s) can escape from Earths gravity? From Mars? From Venus? Figure 21-11 Loss of atmospheric gases. Dots represent the escape velocity and temperature of various Solar System bodies. The lines represent the typical highest velocities of molecules of various masses. The Jovian planets have high escape velocities and can hold onto even the lowest-mass molecules. Mars can hold only the more massive molecules, and the Moon has such a low escape velocity that even massive molecules can escape.arrow_forward
- Describe the solar nebula, and outline the sequence of events within the nebula that gave rise to the planetesimals.arrow_forwardIn the context of the giant planets and the conditions in their interiors, what is meant by “rock” and “ice”?arrow_forwardIf a star must remain on the main sequence for at least 4 billion years for life to evolve to intelligence, what is the most massive a star that can form and still possibly harbor intelligent life on one of its exoplanets? (Hints: Use the formula for stellar life expectancies, Eq. 121, and data in Appendix Table A-7.)arrow_forward
- Review Figure 21-11. Which molecules can Triton retain in its atmosphere? Figure 21-11 Loss of atmospheric gases. Dots represent the escape velocity and temperature of various Solar System bodies. The lines represent the typical highest velocities of molecules of various masses. The Jovian planets have high escape velocities and can hold onto even the lowest-mass molecules. Mars can hold only the more massive molecules, and the Moon has such a low escape velocity that even massive molecules can escape.arrow_forwardWhat evidence shows that Venus has been resurfaced within the past half-billion years?arrow_forwardWhat characteristics do the worlds in our solar system have in common that lead astronomers to believe that they all formed from the same “mother cloud” (solar nebula)?arrow_forward
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