(II) On an audio compact disc (CD), digital bits of information are encoded sequentially along a spiral path. Each bit occupies about 0.28 μ m. А CD player’s readout laser scans along the spiral’s sequence of bits at a constant speed of about 1.2 m/s as the CD spins. ( a ) Determine the number N of digital bits that a CD player reads every second. ( b ) The audio information is sent to each of the two loudspeakers 44,100 times per second. Each of these samplings requires 16 bits and so one would (at first glance) think the required bit rate for a CD player is N 0 = 2 ( 44 , 100 samplings second ) ( 16 bits sampling ) = 1.4 × 10 6 bits second , where the 2 is for the 2 loudspeakers (the 2 stereo channels). Note that N 0 is less than the number N of bits actually read per second by a CD player. The excess number of bits (= N − N 0 ) is needed for encoding and error-correction. What percentage of the bits on a CD are dedicated to encoding and error-correction?
(II) On an audio compact disc (CD), digital bits of information are encoded sequentially along a spiral path. Each bit occupies about 0.28 μ m. А CD player’s readout laser scans along the spiral’s sequence of bits at a constant speed of about 1.2 m/s as the CD spins. ( a ) Determine the number N of digital bits that a CD player reads every second. ( b ) The audio information is sent to each of the two loudspeakers 44,100 times per second. Each of these samplings requires 16 bits and so one would (at first glance) think the required bit rate for a CD player is N 0 = 2 ( 44 , 100 samplings second ) ( 16 bits sampling ) = 1.4 × 10 6 bits second , where the 2 is for the 2 loudspeakers (the 2 stereo channels). Note that N 0 is less than the number N of bits actually read per second by a CD player. The excess number of bits (= N − N 0 ) is needed for encoding and error-correction. What percentage of the bits on a CD are dedicated to encoding and error-correction?
(II) On an audio compact disc (CD), digital bits of information are encoded sequentially along a spiral path. Each bit occupies about 0.28 μm. А CD player’s readout laser scans along the spiral’s sequence of bits at a constant speed of about 1.2 m/s as the CD spins. (a) Determine the number N of digital bits that a CD player reads every second. (b) The audio information is sent to each of the two loudspeakers 44,100 times per second. Each of these samplings requires 16 bits and so one would (at first glance) think the required bit rate for a CD player is
N
0
=
2
(
44
,
100
samplings
second
)
(
16
bits
sampling
)
=
1.4
×
10
6
bits
second
,
where the 2 is for the 2 loudspeakers (the 2 stereo channels). Note that N0 is less than the number N of bits actually read per second by a CD player. The excess number of bits (= N − N0) is needed for encoding and error-correction. What percentage of the bits on a CD are dedicated to encoding and error-correction?
(b)
Sphericals
x=r sine coso
y=r sine sino
z=r cose
Consider spherical coordinates as defined by their relationships to the Cartesian
coordinates:
x =r sin 8 cos p
X2 =r sin 0 cos
X3 =r cos 0
r2 = [xỉ + x3 + x
e = tan-(x? + x3)x3
$ = tan-(x2/x1)
or
(II) Three students derive the following equations in
which x refers to distance traveled, v the speed, a the
acceleration (m/s²), t the time, and the subscript zero (0)
t = 0. Here are their
equations: (a) x = vt² + 2at, (b) x = vot + } ať, and
(c) x = vot + 2ať?. Which of these could possibly be
correct according to a dimensional check, and why?
means
a quantity at time
V:31)
Show that the addition or subtraction of two numbers x and y with the same percent error results in a number z with the same percent error. What is the percent error of z if x has half the percent error of y?
Chapter 2 Solutions
Physics For Scientists & Engineers, Vols. 1 & 2, And Masteringphysics With E-book Student Access Kit (4th Edition)
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