University Physics Volume 2
18th Edition
ISBN: 9781938168161
Author: OpenStax
Publisher: OpenStax
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Textbook Question
Chapter 2, Problem 12CQ
Experimentally it appears that many polyatomic molecules' vibrational degrees of freedom can contribute to some extent to their energy at room temperature. Would you expect that fact to increase or decrease their heat capacity from the value R? Explain.
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A triatomic molecule can have a linear configuration, as does CO2 (as shown), or it can be nonlinear, like H2O (as shown). Suppose the temperature of a gas of triatomic molecules is sufficiently low that vibrational motion is negligible. What is the molar specific heat at constant volume, expressed as a multiple of the universal gas constant, (a) if the molecules are linear and (b) if the molecules are nonlinear? At high temperatures, a triatomic molecule has two modes of vibration, and each contributes 1/2 R to the molar specific heat for its kinetic energy and another 1/2 R for its potential energy. Identify the high-temperature molarspecific heat at constant volume for a triatomic ideal gas of (c) linear molecules and (d) nonlinear molecules. (e) Explain how specific heat data can be used to determine whether a triatomic molecule is linear or nonlinear. Are the data as shown sufficient to make this determination?
One description of the potential energy of a diatomic molecule is given by the Lennard–Jones potential, U = (A)/(r12) - (B)/(r6)where A and B are constants and r is the separation distance between the atoms. Find, in terms of A and B, (a) the value r0 at which the energy is a minimum and (b) the energy E required to break up a diatomic molecule.
A rigid tank of volume V = 0.014 m3 contains carbon monoxide at a temperature of T0 = 25° C and a pressure of P0 = 9.00 × 105 Pa. This molecule should be treated as a diatomic ideal gas with active vibrational modes.
Part (a) In this model, how many degrees of freedom does each molecule of carbon monoxide have?
Part (b) The temperature of the gas increases by 10° C. Select the process that has occurred from the choices below.
Part (c) Calculate the pressure of the gas in pascal at this increased temperature.
Part (d) Calculate the change to the internal energy of the gas in joules. Part (e) Calculate the change in the entropy of the gas in joules per kelvin.
I know you cannot answer all parts however manyuo can will help
Chapter 2 Solutions
University Physics Volume 2
Ch. 2 - Check Your Understanding The recommended daily...Ch. 2 - Check Understanding The density of in a Classroom...Ch. 2 - Check Your Understanding Liquids and solids have...Ch. 2 - Check Your Understanding If you consider a very...Ch. 2 - Check Your Understanding Which has a longer mean...Ch. 2 - Check Your Understanding Suppose 2 moles of helium...Ch. 2 - Two H2 molecules can react with one O2 molecule to...Ch. 2 - Under what circumstances would you expect a gas to...Ch. 2 - A constant-volume gas thermometer contains a fixed...Ch. 2 - Inflate a balloon at room temperature. Leave the...
Ch. 2 - In the last chapter, free convection was explained...Ch. 2 - How is momentum related to the pressure exerted by...Ch. 2 - If one kind of molecule has double the radius of...Ch. 2 - What is the average velocity of the air molecules...Ch. 2 - Why do the atmospheres of Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus,...Ch. 2 - Statistical mechanics says that in a gas...Ch. 2 - Which is more dangerous, a closet where tanks of...Ch. 2 - Experimentally it appears that many polyatomic...Ch. 2 - One might think that the internal energy of...Ch. 2 - You mix 5 moles of H2 at 300 K with 5 moles of He...Ch. 2 - One cylinder contains helium gas and another...Ch. 2 - Repeat the previous question if one gas is still...Ch. 2 - An ideal gas is at a temperature of 300 K. To...Ch. 2 - The gauge pressure in your car tires is...Ch. 2 - Suppose a gas-filled incandescent light bulb is...Ch. 2 - People buying food in sealed bags at high...Ch. 2 - How many moles are there in (a) 0.0500 g of N2 gas...Ch. 2 - A cubic container of volume 2.00 L holds 0.500 mol...Ch. 2 - Calculate the number of moles in the 2.00-L volume...Ch. 2 - An airplane passenger has 100 cm3 of air in his...Ch. 2 - A company advertises that it delivers helium at a...Ch. 2 - According to...Ch. 2 - An expensive vacuum system can achieve a pressure...Ch. 2 - The number density N/V of gas molecules at a...Ch. 2 - A bicycle tire contains 2.00 L of gas at an...Ch. 2 - In a common demonstration, a bottle is heated and...Ch. 2 - A high-pressure gas cylinder contains 50.0 L of...Ch. 2 - Find the number of moles in 2.00 L of gas at 35.0 ...Ch. 2 - Calculate the depth to which Avogadro's number of...Ch. 2 - (a) What is the gauge pressure in a 25.0 cc car...Ch. 2 - A person hits a tennis ball with a mass of 0.058...Ch. 2 - A person is in a closed room (a racquetball court)...Ch. 2 - Five bicyclists are riding at the following...Ch. 2 - Some incandescent light bulbs are filled with...Ch. 2 - Typical molecular speeds (vrms) are large, even at...Ch. 2 - What is the average kinetic energy in joules of...Ch. 2 - What is the ratio of the average translational...Ch. 2 - What is the total translational kinetic energy of...Ch. 2 - The product of the pressure and volume of a sample...Ch. 2 - What is the gauge pressure inside a tank of...Ch. 2 - If the rms speed of oxygen molecules inside a...Ch. 2 - The escape velocity of any object from Earth is...Ch. 2 - The escape velocity from the Moon is much smaller...Ch. 2 - Nuclear fusion, the energy solute of Sun, hydrogen...Ch. 2 - Suppose that the typical speed (vrms) of carbon...Ch. 2 - (a) Hydrogen molecules (molar mass is equal to...Ch. 2 - There are two important isotopes of uranium, U235...Ch. 2 - The partial pressure of carbon dioxide in the...Ch. 2 - Dry air consists of approximately 78% nitrogen,...Ch. 2 - (a) Using data from the previous problem, find the...Ch. 2 - (a) Given that air is 21% oxygen, find the minimum...Ch. 2 - (a) If the partial pressure of water vapor is 8.05...Ch. 2 - To give a helium atom nonzero angular momentum...Ch. 2 - (a) How much heat must be added to raise the...Ch. 2 - A sealed, rigid container of 0.560 mol of an...Ch. 2 - A sample of neon gas (Ne, molar mass M=20.2 g/mol)...Ch. 2 - A steel container of mass 135 g contains 24.0 g of...Ch. 2 - A sealed room has a volume of 24 m3. It's filled...Ch. 2 - Heliox, a mixture of helium and oxygen, is...Ch. 2 - Professional divas sometimes use heliox,...Ch. 2 - In car racing, one advantage of mixing liquid...Ch. 2 - In a sample of hydrogen sulfide ( M=34.1 g/mol) at...Ch. 2 - Using the approximation v1v1+v f(v)dvf(v1)v for...Ch. 2 - Using the method of the preceding problem,...Ch. 2 - By counting squares in the following figure,...Ch. 2 - Using a numerical integration method such as...Ch. 2 - Find (a) the most probable speed, (b) the average...Ch. 2 - Repeat the preceding problem for nitrogen...Ch. 2 - At what temperature is the average speed of carbon...Ch. 2 - The most probable speed for molecules of a gas at...Ch. 2 - a) At what temperature do oxygen molecules have...Ch. 2 - In the deep space between galaxies, the density of...Ch. 2 - (a) Find the density in SI units of air at a...Ch. 2 - The air inside a hot-air balloon has a temperature...Ch. 2 - When an air bubble rises from the bottom to the...Ch. 2 - (a) Use the ideal gas equation to estimate the...Ch. 2 - One process for decaffeinating coffee uses carbon...Ch. 2 - On a winter day when the air temperature is 0 ,...Ch. 2 - On a warm day when the air temperature is 30 , a...Ch. 2 - (a) People often think of humid air as "heavy."...Ch. 2 - The mean flee path for helium at a certain...Ch. 2 - The mean free path for methane at a temperature of...Ch. 2 - In the chapter on fluid mechanics, Bernoulli's...Ch. 2 - Find the total number of collisions between...Ch. 2 - (a) Estimate the specific heat capacity of sodium...Ch. 2 - A sealed, perfectly insulated container contains...Ch. 2 - Find the ratio f(vp)/f(vrms) for hydrogen gas (...Ch. 2 - Unreasonable results. (a) Find the temperature of...Ch. 2 - Unreasonable results. (a) Find the sped of...Ch. 2 - An airtight dispenser for drinking water is 25 cm...Ch. 2 - Eight bumper cars, each with a mass of 322 kg. are...Ch. 2 - Verify that vp=2kBTm.`Ch. 2 - Verify the normalization equation 0f(v)dv=1 In...Ch. 2 - Verify that v=8kBTm. Make the same scaling...Ch. 2 - Verify that vrms=v2=3kBTm.`
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