Thermodynamics, Statistical Thermodynamics, & Kinetics
3rd Edition
ISBN: 9780321766182
Author: Thomas Engel, Philip Reid
Publisher: Prentice Hall
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Chapter 2, Problem 2.15NP
A bottle at 325 K contains an ideal gas at a pressure of
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. A 2.50 mole sample of a perfect gas for which Cv,m = 3R/2 (assume constant over T-range) undergoes the following two-step process: (1) from an initial state of the gas described by T = 13 ºC and P = 1.75 x 105 Pa, the gas undergoes an isothermal expansion against a constant pressure of 3.75 x 104 Pa until the volume has doubled. (2) subsequently, the gas is cooled at constant volume. The temperature falls to -24ºC. Calculate q, w, ∆U, and ∆H for each step and for the overall process.
1.65 mol of a perfect gas for which Cv,m = 12.47 J K–1 mol–1 is subjected to two successive changes in state:
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pressure of 16.5´103 Pa to twice its initial volume.
(2) At the end of the previous process, the gas is cooled at constant volume from 37.0 oC to
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(a) Calculate q , w , DU, DH for each of the stages.
A piece of magnesium metal with a mass of 10.5 g was placed into 200 mL of a dilute hydrochloric acid solution. The balanced equation is given below: Mg(s) + 2HCI(aq) -> MgCl2(aq) + H2(g) If magnesium is the limiting reagent in this reaction what is the work done by the expansion of H2(g)? Assume the pressure and temperature are 1.05 bar and 22.4 °C throughout the expansion. Use the value 8.314 x 10-2 L Bar K-1 mol-1 as gas constant.
Chapter 2 Solutions
Thermodynamics, Statistical Thermodynamics, & Kinetics
Ch. 2 - Electrical current is passed through a resistor...Ch. 2 - Two ideal gas systems undergo reversible expansion...Ch. 2 - You have a liquid and its gaseous form in...Ch. 2 - Prob. 2.4CPCh. 2 - For a constant pressure process, H=qp. Does it...Ch. 2 - A cup of water at 278 K (the system) is placed in...Ch. 2 - In the experiments shown in Figure 2.4a and 2.4b,...Ch. 2 - What is wrong with the following statement? Burns...Ch. 2 - Why is it incorrect to speak of the heat or work...Ch. 2 - You have a liquid and its gaseous form in...
Ch. 2 - Prob. 2.11CPCh. 2 - Explain how a mass of water in the surroundings...Ch. 2 - A chemical reaction occurs in a constant volume...Ch. 2 - Explain the relationship between the terms exact...Ch. 2 - In the experiment shown in Figure 2.4b, the weight...Ch. 2 - Discuss the following statement: If the...Ch. 2 - Discuss the following statement: Heating an object...Ch. 2 - An ideal gas is expanded reversibly and...Ch. 2 - An ideal gas is expanded reversibly and...Ch. 2 - An ideal gas is expanded adiabatically into a...Ch. 2 - Prob. 2.21CPCh. 2 - Prob. 2.22CPCh. 2 - A student gets up from her chair and pushes a...Ch. 2 - Explain why ethene has a higher value for CV,m at...Ch. 2 - Prob. 2.25CPCh. 2 - Prob. 2.26CPCh. 2 - A 3.75 mole sample of an ideal gas with Cv,m=3R/2...Ch. 2 - The temperature of 1.75 moles of an ideal gas...Ch. 2 - A 2.50 mole sample of an ideal gas, for which...Ch. 2 - A hiker caught in a thunderstorm loses heat when...Ch. 2 - Count Rumford observed that using cannon boring...Ch. 2 - A 1.50 mole sample of an ideal gas at 28.5C...Ch. 2 - Calculate q, w, U, and H if 2.25 mol of an ideal...Ch. 2 - Calculate w for the adiabatic expansion of 2.50...Ch. 2 - Prob. 2.9NPCh. 2 - A muscle fiber contracts by 3.5 cm and in doing so...Ch. 2 - A cylindrical vessel with rigid adiabatic walls is...Ch. 2 - In the reversible adiabatic expansion of 1.75 mol...Ch. 2 - A system consisting of 82.5 g of liquid water at...Ch. 2 - A 1.25 mole sample of an ideal gas is expanded...Ch. 2 - A bottle at 325 K contains an ideal gas at a...Ch. 2 - A 2.25 mole sample of an ideal gas with Cv,m=3R/2...Ch. 2 - Prob. 2.17NPCh. 2 - An ideal gas undergoes an expansion from the...Ch. 2 - An ideal gas described by Ti=275K,Pi=1.10bar, and...Ch. 2 - In an adiabatic compression of one mole of an...Ch. 2 - The heat capacity of solid lead oxide is given by...Ch. 2 - Prob. 2.22NPCh. 2 - Prob. 2.23NPCh. 2 - Prob. 2.24NPCh. 2 - Prob. 2.25NPCh. 2 - A 2.50 mol sample of an ideal gas for which...Ch. 2 - A 2.35 mole sample of an ideal gas, for which...Ch. 2 - Prob. 2.28NPCh. 2 - A nearly flat bicycle tire becomes noticeably...Ch. 2 - Prob. 2.30NPCh. 2 - Prob. 2.31NPCh. 2 - Consider the isothermal expansion of 2.35 mol of...Ch. 2 - An automobile tire contains air at 225103Pa at...Ch. 2 - One mole of an ideal gas is subjected to the...Ch. 2 - Prob. 2.35NPCh. 2 - A pellet of Zn of mass 31.2 g is dropped into a...Ch. 2 - Calculate H and U for the transformation of 2.50...Ch. 2 - A 1.75 mole sample of an ideal gas for which...Ch. 2 - Prob. 2.39NPCh. 2 - Prob. 2.40NPCh. 2 - The Youngs modulus (see Problem P2.40) of muscle...Ch. 2 - DNA can be modeled as an elastic rod that can be...Ch. 2 - Prob. 2.43NPCh. 2 - Prob. 2.44NP
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- One mole (1.0 mol) of an ideal gas is initially at T1 = 298 K and has volume V1 = 2.0 L. It is then reversibly expanded to final volume V2 = 3.0 L. Assume Cp = 5/2 R and Cv = 3/2R. a) Calculate the following if the expansion is isothermal: 1) ΔT 2) q 3) w 4) ΔU 5) ΔH b) Calculate ΔT–ΔU if the expansion is adiabatic instead of isothermal.c) Calculate the initial pressure and two final pressures for the process in a) & b).d) On a single set of axes, sketch a pressure–volume plot for each of the two processes in a) & b). Label the area that corresponds to the work for each process.arrow_forwardA 1.65 mole sample of an ideal gas for which Cv, m = 3/2 R undergoes the following two-step process: (a) From an initial state of the gas described by T = 14.5 oC and P = 2x104 Pa, the gas undergoes isothermal expansion against a constant external pressure of 1.0x104 Pa until the volume has doubled. (b) Then the gas is cooled to constant volume. The temperature drops to -35.6 oC. Calculate q, w, ΔH, ΔU for each step and for the overall process.arrow_forwardLimestone stalactites and stalagmites are formed in caves by the following reaction:Ca2+(aq)+2HCO−3(aq)→CaCO3(s)+CO2(g)+H2O(l)Ca2+(aq)+2HCO3−(aq)→CaCO3(s)+CO2(g)+H2O(l)If 1 molmol of CaCO3CaCO3 forms at 298 KK under 1 atmatm pressure, the reaction performs 2.47 kJkJ of P−VP−V work, pushing back the atmosphere as the gaseous CO2CO2 forms. At the same time, 38.75 kJkJ of heat is absorbed from the environment. What is the value of ΔHΔH for this reaction? Express your answer using four significant figures.arrow_forward
- You have a gas held isothermally at 297 K whose volume changes from 0.2 m^3 to 9.0 m^3, what is the change in internal energy? Use the fact that the internal pressure of this gas is approximately constant at 100 MPa under these conditions.arrow_forward1. A chemical reaction takes place in a container fitted with a piston of cross-sectional area 75.0 cm2 . As a result of the reaction, the piston is pushed out through 25.0 cm against an external pressure of 150 kPa. Calculate the work done by the system.arrow_forward5. A sample consisting 3.0 moles of a perfect gas molecules initially at thermal equilibrium with the surroundings 273 K undergoes an irreversible isochoric change to a final temperture of 207 K. Calculate ∆Ssys, ∆Ssurr, and ∆Stotal for the process. Assume Cp,m is 7/2 R throughout the entire temperature range.arrow_forward
- Cp− ̄Cv=T ̄V β^2/κ reduces to ̄CP− ̄CV=R for an ideal gas.arrow_forwardA 2.5 mol sample of an ideal gas with a molar specific heat Cv=5/2R always starts at pressure 1.50*105 Pa and temperature 350K. The gas is compressed adiabatically to 200kPa. Final pressure Pf = 200kPa Final volume Vf = 39.5L Final temperature Tf = 380K a) Determine the change in internal energy of the gas (ΔEint, in J). b) Determine the energy added to the gas by heat (Q, in J). c) Determine the work done on the gas (W, in J).arrow_forward2.0 mol of CO2 gas (assumed to be a perfect gas with Cv,m = 28.8 JK-1mol-1) is in a cylinder with a massless piston of cross-section 100 cm2 at 10°C and 9.0 atm. The gas expands adiabatically against an external pressure of 1.5 atm until the piston moves 15 cm. Calculate (a) q; (b) w; (c) ΔU; (d) ΔT; (e) ΔS for this process.arrow_forward
- List the sets of conditions that allows dS,dU,dH and dG of a process in a system acts as a spontaneity condition.arrow_forward4. A sample consisting of 150 g of CO molecules at 300 K is expanded isothermally from an initial pressure of 5.0 bar to a final pressure of 2.0 bar. Calculate q, w, ∆U, ∆H, ∆Ssys, ∆Ssurr, and ∆Stotal for the process two ways: (a) reversibly and (b) irreversibly against a constant pressure of 2.0 bar. Cp,m is constant at a value of 29.14 J/mol* K, and temperature of the surroundings is 273 K. State whether each process is spontaneous.arrow_forwardA mole of a diatomic gas at 0.1 m³ is expanded isothermally at 298 Kelvins to 1.0 m³ bar against a constant external pressure of 0.5 bar. Which of the following statements is true? A. q=w B. q= -w C. ∆H= ∆U D. ∆H> ∆Uarrow_forward
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