Chapter 2, Problem 2.1E

To determine

Balance sheet: Balance sheet is the financial statement which reports a company’s resources (assets) and claims of creditors (liabilities) and stockholders (stockholders’ equity) over the resources. The resources of the company are assets which include money contributed by stockholders and creditors. Hence, the main elements of the balance sheet are assets, liabilities, and stockholders’ equity.

• Assets: These are the resources owned and controlled by business and used to produce benefits for the company. Assets are classified on the balance sheet as current assets (cash, receivables, short-term investments, inventory, and supplies), long-term investments (land for future use), property, plant, and equipment (fixed assets like land, furniture, and buildings), prepaid expenses, and intangible assets (goodwill, trademarks, patents, and franchises).
• Liabilities: The claims creditors have over assets or resources of a company are referred to as liabilities. These are the debt obligations owed by company to creditors. Liabilities are classified on the balance sheet as current liabilities (accounts payable, salaries payable, income taxes payable, short-term notes payable, and unearned revenue) and long-term liabilities (notes payable, bonds payable, and mortgage payable).
• Stockholders’ equity: The claims of owners on a company’s resources, after the liabilities are paid off, are referred to as stockholders’ equity. Therefore, stockholders’ equity is sometimes referred to as net worth of owners or shareholders or stockholders. The two parts of stockholders’ equity are common stock and retained earnings.

To match: The financial statement items to its corresponding account according to balance sheet classification.