Microeconomics, Student Value Edition (6th Edition)
6th Edition
ISBN: 9780134125756
Author: R. Glenn Hubbard, Anthony Patrick O'Brien
Publisher: PEARSON
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Chapter 2, Problem 2.2.12PA
To determine
Impact of decreasing transportation cost.
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Suppose you have a team of two workers: one is a baker and one is a chef. Your baker is talented but is inexperienced. Your chef is not only an elite chef but is also faster at baking.
If your kitchen specialized according to absolute advantage, who would do the cooking? Who would do the baking?
If your kitchen specialized according to comparative advantage, who would do the cooking? Who would do the baking?
Which approach above is more efficient? Explain your answer.
What is the relationship between production costs and comparative advantage?
Group of answer choices
Comparative advantage considers, “How much am I giving up to produce this good in this country?”
Comparative advantage identifies the good for which the producer’s absolute advantage is relatively smaller.
Comparative advantage identifies where the producer’s absolute productivity disadvantage is relatively larger.
Comparative advantage happens when the production costs for both trading partners are the same.
Jefferson
Franklin
1 wheat 1/2 cotton
The table above shows the number of hours required to produce one
bushel of cotton and one bushel of wheat for Jefferson and Franklin. If
each person specializes according to his comparative advantage(s), a
mutually beneficial price ratio would be
=
1 wheat= 2/3 cotton
1 wheat = 0.4 cotton
Cotton (per bushel)
10 hours
12 hours
1 wheat 1/3 cotton
=
Wheat (per bushel)
5 hours
4 hours
ra
Chapter 2 Solutions
Microeconomics, Student Value Edition (6th Edition)
Ch. 2 - Prob. 1TCCh. 2 - Prob. 2TCCh. 2 - Prob. 2.1.1RQCh. 2 - Prob. 2.1.2RQCh. 2 - Prob. 2.1.3RQCh. 2 - Prob. 2.1.4PACh. 2 - Prob. 2.1.5PACh. 2 - Prob. 2.1.6PACh. 2 - Prob. 2.1.7PACh. 2 - Prob. 2.1.8PA
Ch. 2 - Prob. 2.1.9PACh. 2 - Prob. 2.1.10PACh. 2 - Prob. 2.1.11PACh. 2 - Prob. 2.1.12PACh. 2 - Prob. 2.1.13PACh. 2 - Prob. 2.1.14PACh. 2 - Prob. 2.2.1RQCh. 2 - Prob. 2.2.2RQCh. 2 - Prob. 2.2.3PACh. 2 - Prob. 2.2.4PACh. 2 - Prob. 2.2.5PACh. 2 - Prob. 2.2.6PACh. 2 - Prob. 2.2.7PACh. 2 - Prob. 2.2.8PACh. 2 - Prob. 2.2.9PACh. 2 - Prob. 2.2.10PACh. 2 - Prob. 2.2.11PACh. 2 - Prob. 2.2.12PACh. 2 - Prob. 2.2.13PACh. 2 - Prob. 2.2.14PACh. 2 - Prob. 2.2.15PACh. 2 - Prob. 2.3.1RQCh. 2 - Prob. 2.3.2RQCh. 2 - Prob. 2.3.3RQCh. 2 - Prob. 2.3.4RQCh. 2 - Prob. 2.3.5RQCh. 2 - Prob. 2.3.6RQCh. 2 - Prob. 2.3.7PACh. 2 - Prob. 2.3.8PACh. 2 - Prob. 2.3.9PACh. 2 - Prob. 2.3.10PACh. 2 - Prob. 2.3.11PACh. 2 - Prob. 2.3.12PACh. 2 - Prob. 2.3.13PACh. 2 - Prob. 2.3.14PACh. 2 - Prob. 2.3.15PACh. 2 - Prob. 2.3.16PA
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- Which of the following is not true about the differences between comparative advantage and absolute advantages? While it is possible to achieve gains from trade if the country does not have a comparative advantage in the production of any goods, it is not possible to achieve gains from trade if the country does not have an absolute advantage in the production of any goods. Comparative advantage emphasizes the relative cost differences based on opportunity costs, while absolute advantage emphasizes absolute costs. In order to achieve gains from trade, specialization should be based on comparative advantage and not absolute advantage. In the two nation, two good model, we will always see that a country will have a comparative advantage in at least one good.arrow_forwardTwo countries (Home and Foreign) use labor to produce two goods: Cloth and Wheat. The number of units of the good that can be produced by one unit of labor are given below. The number of units of labor in the Home And Foreign countries are 10 and 30, respectively. a) Calculate the opportunity costs of Cloth in the two countries, briefly describing your calculation. What are the goods in which the countries have comparative advantage? b) Use appropriate examples for world price and indifference curves to show that both Home and Foreign benefit from trade. Mention the world price, and the point where production and consumption occur in the two countries after trade. Wheat Cloth Home 12 3 Foreign 4 2arrow_forwardIf a consultant earns P500 an hour from his consulting jobs but can also type better and faster than his secretary who gets P50 per hour, does it pay for the consultant to fire his secretary and do his own typing? (Justify your answer by relating this to the law of comparative advantage.)arrow_forward
- The principle of comparative advantage does not provide answers to certain questions. One of those questions is Do specialization and trade benefit more than one party to a trade? Is it absolute advantage or comparative advantage that really matters? How are the gains from trade shared among the parties to a trade? Is it possible for specialization and trade to increase total output of traded goods?arrow_forwardConsider two countries (Home and Foreign) that produce goods 1 (with labor and capital) and 2 (with labor and land). Initially, both countries have the same supply of labor (250 units each), capital, and land. The capital stock in Home then grows. This change shifts out both the production curve for good 1 as a function of labor employed and the associated marginal product of labor curve. Nothing happens to the production and marginal product curves for good 2. a. Show how the increase in the supply of capital for Home affects its production possibility frontier. Using the three-point curved line drawing tool, draw a new PPF for Home that reflects the increase in the supply of capital. Properly label the curve. Carefully follow the instructions above and only draw the required object. Output of good 2 250 Home 250 PPF0 Output of good 1 Qarrow_forwardEconomic theory suggests that we can increase productivity by: Specializing according to absolute advantage. Specializing according to comparative advantage. Specializing according to either absolute or comparative advantage. It is impossible to increase productivityarrow_forward
- We know that in antiquity, China exported silk because no one in any other country knew how to produce this product. From this information we know that China had a comparative advantage in silk. no comparative advantage could exist because the technology was not diffused. China exported silk for political reasons even though it had no comparative advantage. China had an absolute advantage, but not a comparative advantage in silk. China was unable to profit by exporting silk because it was unknown in the rest of the world.arrow_forwardAt the start of 2010 a new free trade area was established incorporating China and the six founding members of the Association of South East Asian Nations (ASEAN). These countries are Brunei, Indonesia, Malaysia, Philippines, Singapore, and Thailand. The aim is to eliminate 90% of imported goods. This deal created the largest trade area in the world, with nearly 1.9bn people. Although there are undoubted gains there have also been warnings from South East Asia that some industries are not ready to compete with China and that jobs will be lost. Questions What is a free trade area? Outline the potential advantages and disadvantages of joining this area for the member countries. What factors determine the extent to which industries within a country gain or lose?arrow_forwardAt the start of 2010 a new free trade area was established incorporating China and the six founding members of the Association of South East Asian Nations (ASEAN). These countries are Brunei, Indonesia, Malaysia, Philippines, Singapore, and Thailand. The aim is to eliminate 90% of imported goods. This deal created the largest trade area in the world, with nearly 1.9bn people. Although there are undoubted gains there have also been warnings from South East Asia that some industries are not ready to compete with China and that jobs will be lost. Question: What factors determine the extent to which industries within a country gain or lose?arrow_forward
- At the start of 2010 a new free trade area was established incorporating China and the six founding members of the Association of South East Asian Nations (ASEAN). These countries are Brunei, Indonesia, Malaysia, Philippines, Singapore, and Thailand. The aim is to eliminate 90% of imported goods. This deal created the largest trade area in the world, with nearly 1.9bn people. Although there are undoubted gains there have also been warnings from South East Asia that some industries are not ready to compete with China and that jobs will be lost. Questions What is a free trade area? Outline the potential advantages and disadvantages of joining this area for the member countries. What factors determine the extent to which industries within a country gain or lose?arrow_forwardSuppose that Country A and Country B can produce the following numbers of Chairs and Printers per worker per day. Which of the following is true? Country A Country B 25 Chairs 10 Printers 4 Country B has Absolute Advantage (in both products), and Country A has Comparative Advantage in Printers. Country A has Absolute Advantage (in both products), and Country B has Comparative Advantage in Printers. Country A has Absolute Advantage (in both products), and Country A has Comparative Advantage in Printers. Country B has Absolute Advantage (in both products), and Country B has Comparative Advantage in Printers.arrow_forwardFactor-price equalization The fictional country of Tomczakistan is a nation that is relatively rich in capital resources. It can produce two types of goods, capital-intensive goods and labor-intensive goods. Tomczakistan’s production possibilities frontier (PPF) is shown on the following graph. Currently, Tomczakistan is closed to international trade and producing at the grey point (star symbol) labeled A on the graph. Suppose that Tomczakistan is going to trade with Leightvania, a country that is relatively rich in labor and was also previously closed to international trade. On the following graph, use the green point (triangle symbol) to indicate which way Tomczakistan will adjust its production by placing it on one of the two black points (plus symbol). Dashed droplines will automatically extend to both axes.arrow_forward
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