Chapter 2, Problem 2.49QP

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Formula for rubidium nitrate has to be written.

Concept Introduction:

Generally the ionic compound consists of cation and anion.

Cation: When electrons are removed from the atom that results to form positively charged ion called cation.

Anion: Addition of electron to atom results to form negatively charged ion called anion.

The nomenclature of inorganic compounds involves following rules:

• Generally many ionic compounds are binary in which the metal cations are named first which then followed by naming nonmetallic anion.
• In ionic compound the metal cations generally hold their metal name itself and the metal anions hold their respective metal name with suffix $\text{"-ide"}$ with it.
• The prefixes on each atom indicate the number of those atoms in the compound.
• The number written on the subscript of the anion is numerically equal to the charge on the cation and vice versa.
• Subscripts are discarded when the numerical charge on cation and anion are equal.
• When a metal has more than one positive oxidation state, its lowest oxidation number has name of the metal ion ending with ‘ous’ and highest oxidation number has name of the metal ion ending with ‘ic’. This rule is applicable when oxidation number of metal is not more than three.
• If a metal ion has multiple numbers of oxidation states more than three, then Roman numeral has to be used within square brackets to indicate the oxidation number of metal ion.
• Nomenclature of binary acids and oxoacids are not similar. Binary acids are named based on the non-metal atom present in them. Oxoacids are named on the basis of polyatomic anion present in them.
• Naming binary molecular compounds is also similar to binary ionic compounds.
• The first element is named as such while second element is added with prefix which describes the number of respective atoms present.

Answer to Problem 2.49QP

Formula for rubidium nitrite is written as $RbN{O}_2$

Explanation of Solution

With reference to table 2.3 in the text book, anions and cations formed by various elements are named.

Nitrite is $N{O}_2^{-}$ anion and Rubidium here is Rubidium cation $R{b}^{+}.$ Hence formula of the given compound is written as $RbN{O}_2$

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Formula for Potassium sulfide has to be written.

Concept Introduction:

Generally the ionic compound consists of cation and anion.

Cation: When electrons are removed from the atom that results to form positively charged ion called cation.

Anion: Addition of electron to atom results to form negatively charged ion called anion.

The nomenclature of inorganic compounds involves following rules:

• For ionic compounds first, metal cations are named first which then followed by nonmetallic anion.
• In ionic compound the metal cations generally hold their metal name itself and the metal anions hold their respective metal name with suffix $\text{"-ide"}$ with it.
• The prefixes on each atom indicate the number of those atoms in the compound.
• The number written on the subscript of the anion is numerically equal to the charge on the cation and vice versa.
• Subscripts are discarded when the numerical charge on cation and anion are equal.
• When a metal has more than one positive oxidation state, its lowest oxidation number has name of the metal ion ending with ‘ous’ and highest oxidation number has name of the metal ion ending with ‘ic’. This rule is applicable when oxidation number of metal is not more than three.
• If a metal ion has multiple numbers of oxidation states more than three, then Roman numeral has to be used within square brackets to indicate the oxidation number of metal ion.
• Nomenclature of binary acids and oxoacids are not similar. Binary acids are named based on the non-metal atom present in them. Oxoacids are named on the basis of polyatomic anion present in them.
• Naming binary molecular compounds is also similar to binary ionic compounds.
• The first element is named as such while second element is added with prefix which describes the number of respective atoms present.

Answer to Problem 2.49QP

Formula for Potassium sulfide is written as $K_{2}S$

Explanation of Solution

With reference to table 2.3 in the text book, anions and cations formed by various elements are named.

Sulfide is $S_{}^{2-}$ anion and Potassium here is Potassium cation $K^{+}.$ Charge on the anion has to be written on the subscript of the cation. Hence formula of the given compound is written as $K_{2}S.$

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Formula for perbromic acid has to be written.

Concept Introduction:

Generally the ionic compound consists of cation and anion.

Cation: When electrons are removed from the atom that results to form positively charged ion called cation.

Anion: Addition of electron to atom results to form negatively charged ion called anion.

The nomenclature of inorganic compounds involves following rules:

• For ionic compounds first, metal cations are named first which then followed by nonmetallic anion.
• In ionic compound the metal cations generally hold their metal name itself and the metal anions hold their respective metal name with suffix $\text{"-ide"}$ with it.
• The prefixes on each atom indicate the number of those atoms in the compound.
• The number written on the subscript of the anion is numerically equal to the charge on the cation and vice versa.
• Subscripts are discarded when the numerical charge on cation and anion are equal.
• When a metal has more than one positive oxidation state, its lowest oxidation number has name of the metal ion ending with ‘ous’ and highest oxidation number has name of the metal ion ending with ‘ic’. This rule is applicable when oxidation number of metal is not more than three.
• If a metal ion has multiple numbers of oxidation states more than three, then Roman numeral has to be used within square brackets to indicate the oxidation number of metal ion.
• Nomenclature of binary acids and oxoacids are not similar. Binary acids are named based on the non-metal atom present in them. Oxoacids are named on the basis of polyatomic anion present in them.
• Naming binary molecular compounds is also similar to binary ionic compounds.
• The first element is named as such while second element is added with prefix which describes the number of respective atoms present.

Answer to Problem 2.49QP

Formula for perbromic acid is written as $HBr{O}_4$.

Explanation of Solution

With reference to table 2.3 in the text book, anions and cations formed by various elements are named.

The given name indicates that it is oxoacid of bromine. It contains $H^{+}$ and polyatomic anion $Br{O}_4^{-}$. Therefore, the formula for given compound is $HBr{O}_4$.

(d)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Formula for the given compound Magnesium phosphate has to be written.

Concept Introduction:

Generally the ionic compound consists of cation and anion.

Cation: When electrons are removed from the atom that results to form positively charged ion called cation.

Anion: Addition of electron to atom results to form negatively charged ion called anion.

The nomenclature of inorganic compounds involves following rules:

• For ionic compounds first, metal cations are named first which then followed by nonmetallic anion.
• In ionic compound the metal cations generally hold their metal name itself and the metal anions hold their respective metal name with suffix $\text{"-ide"}$ with it.
• The prefixes on each atom indicate the number of those atoms in the compound.
• The number written on the subscript of the anion is numerically equal to the charge on the cation and vice versa.
• Subscripts are discarded when the numerical charge on cation and anion are equal.
• When a metal has more than one positive oxidation state, its lowest oxidation number has name of the metal ion ending with ‘ous’ and highest oxidation number has name of the metal ion ending with ‘ic’. This rule is applicable when oxidation number of metal is not more than three.
• If a metal ion has multiple numbers of oxidation states more than three, then Roman numeral has to be used within square brackets to indicate the oxidation number of metal ion.
• Nomenclature of binary acids and oxoacids are not similar. Binary acids are named based on the non-metal atom present in them. Oxoacids are named on the basis of polyatomic anion present in them.
• Naming binary molecular compounds is also similar to binary ionic compounds.
• The first element is named as such while second element is added with prefix which describes the number of respective atoms present.

Answer to Problem 2.49QP

Formula of the compound Magnesium phosphate is written as $M{g}_3{\left(P{O}_4\right)}_2$

Explanation of Solution

With reference to table 2.3 in the text book, anions and cations formed by various elements are named.

The cation and anion in Magnesium phosphate are magnesium ion $M{g}^{2+}$ and phosphate ion $P{O}_4^{3-}$ respectively. Charge on the anion is written on the subscript of the cation. Charge on the cation is written on the subscript of the anion.

Thus the formula of the compound Magnesium phosphate is written as $M{g}_3{\left(P{O}_4\right)}_2$.

(e)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Formula for the given compound Calcium hydrogen phsophate has to be written.

Concept Introduction:

Generally the ionic compound consists of cation and anion.

Cation: When electrons are removed from the atom that results to form positively charged ion called cation.

Anion: Addition of electron to atom results to form negatively charged ion called anion.

The nomenclature of inorganic compounds involves following rules:

• For ionic compounds first, metal cations are named first which then followed by nonmetallic anion.
• In ionic compound the metal cations generally hold their metal name itself and the metal anions hold their respective metal name with suffix $\text{"-ide"}$ with it.
• The prefixes on each atom indicate the number of those atoms in the compound.
• The number written on the subscript of the anion is numerically equal to the charge on the cation and vice versa.
• Subscripts are discarded when the numerical charge on cation and anion are equal.
• When a metal has more than one positive oxidation state, its lowest oxidation number has name of the metal ion ending with ‘ous’ and highest oxidation number has name of the metal ion ending with ‘ic’. This rule is applicable when oxidation number of metal is not more than three.
• If a metal ion has multiple numbers of oxidation states more than three, then Roman numeral has to be used within square brackets to indicate the oxidation number of metal ion.
• Nomenclature of binary acids and oxoacids are not similar. Binary acids are named based on the non-metal atom present in them. Oxoacids are named on the basis of polyatomic anion present in them.
• Naming binary molecular compounds is also similar to binary ionic compounds.
• The first element is named as such while second element is added with prefix which describes the number of respective atoms present.

Answer to Problem 2.49QP

Formula of the compound Calcium hydrogen phsophate is written as $CaH\left(P{O}_4\right)$.

Explanation of Solution

With reference to table 2.3 in the text book, anions and cations formed by various elements are named.

The cation and anion in Calcium hydrogen phosphate are calcium ion $C{a}^{2+}$ and hydrogen phosphate ion $HP{O}_4^{2-}$ respectively. Charge on the anion is written on the subscript of the cation. Charge on the cation is written on the subscript of the anion.

Hence the formula is $Ca{H}_2{\left(P{O}_4\right)}_2$

The formula can be simplified and written as the same number in subscript and thus the formula of the compound is written as $CaH\left(P{O}_4\right)$.

(f)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Formula for the given compound boron trichloride has to be written.

Concept Introduction:

Generally the ionic compound consists of cation and anion.

Cation: When electrons are removed from the atom that results to form positively charged ion called cation.

Anion: Addition of electron to atom results to form negatively charged ion called anion.

The nomenclature of inorganic compounds involves following rules:

• For ionic compounds first, metal cations are named first which then followed by nonmetallic anion.
• In ionic compound the metal cations generally hold their metal name itself and the metal anions hold their respective metal name with suffix $\text{"-ide"}$ with it.
• The prefixes on each atom indicate the number of those atoms in the compound.
• The number written on the subscript of the anion is numerically equal to the charge on the cation and vice versa.
• Subscripts are discarded when the numerical charge on cation and anion are equal.
• When a metal has more than one positive oxidation state, its lowest oxidation number has name of the metal ion ending with ‘ous’ and highest oxidation number has name of the metal ion ending with ‘ic’. This rule is applicable when oxidation number of metal is not more than three.
• If a metal ion has multiple numbers of oxidation states more than three, then Roman numeral has to be used within square brackets to indicate the oxidation number of metal ion.
• Nomenclature of binary acids and oxoacids are not similar. Binary acids are named based on the non-metal atom present in them. Oxoacids are named on the basis of polyatomic anion present in them.
• Naming binary molecular compounds is also similar to binary ionic compounds.
• The first element is named as such while second element is added with prefix which describes the number of respective atoms present.

Answer to Problem 2.49QP

Formula of the compound boron trichloride is written as $BC{l}_3$.

Explanation of Solution

With reference to table 2.3 in the text book, anions and cations formed by various elements are named.

The given name indicates that it contains boron cation $\left(B^{3+}\right)$ and 3 chlorine anions $\left(3C{l}^{-}\right)$.

Therefore, the formula is $BC{l}_3$.

(g)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Formula for the given compound Iodine heptafluoride has to be written.

Concept Introduction:

Generally the ionic compound consists of cation and anion.

Cation: When electrons are removed from the atom that results to form positively charged ion called cation.

Anion: Addition of electron to atom results to form negatively charged ion called anion.

The nomenclature of inorganic compounds involves following rules:

• For ionic compounds first, metal cations are named first which then followed by nonmetallic anion.
• In ionic compound the metal cations generally hold their metal name itself and the metal anions hold their respective metal name with suffix $\text{"-ide"}$ with it.
• The prefixes on each atom indicate the number of those atoms in the compound.
• The number written on the subscript of the anion is numerically equal to the charge on the cation and vice versa.
• Subscripts are discarded when the numerical charge on cation and anion are equal.
• When a metal has more than one positive oxidation state, its lowest oxidation number has name of the metal ion ending with ‘ous’ and highest oxidation number has name of the metal ion ending with ‘ic’. This rule is applicable when oxidation number of metal is not more than three.
• If a metal ion has multiple numbers of oxidation states more than three, then Roman numeral has to be used within square brackets to indicate the oxidation number of metal ion.
• Nomenclature of binary acids and oxoacids are not similar. Binary acids are named based on the non-metal atom present in them. Oxoacids are named on the basis of polyatomic anion present in them.
• Naming binary molecular compounds is also similar to binary ionic compounds.
• The first element is named as such while second element is added with prefix which describes the number of respective atoms present.

Answer to Problem 2.49QP

Formula for the compound Iodine heptafluoride is written as $I{F}_7$.

Explanation of Solution

With reference to table 2.3 in the text book, anions and cations formed by various elements are named.

The prefix hepta means seven. Thus seven F atoms are bonded to Iodine I. Hence the formula is $I{F}_7$.

(h)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Formula for the given compound Ammonium sulfate has to be written.

Concept Introduction:

Generally the ionic compound consists of cation and anion.

Cation: When electrons are removed from the atom that results to form positively charged ion called cation.

Anion: Addition of electron to atom results to form negatively charged ion called anion.

The nomenclature of inorganic compounds involves following rules:

• For ionic compounds first, metal cations are named first which then followed by nonmetallic anion.
• In ionic compound the metal cations generally hold their metal name itself and the metal anions hold their respective metal name with suffix $\text{"-ide"}$ with it.
• The prefixes on each atom indicate the number of those atoms in the compound.
• The number written on the subscript of the anion is numerically equal to the charge on the cation and vice versa.
• Subscripts are discarded when the numerical charge on cation and anion are equal.
• When a metal has more than one positive oxidation state, its lowest oxidation number has name of the metal ion ending with ‘ous’ and highest oxidation number has name of the metal ion ending with ‘ic’. This rule is applicable when oxidation number of metal is not more than three.
• If a metal ion has multiple numbers of oxidation states more than three, then Roman numeral has to be used within square brackets to indicate the oxidation number of metal ion.
• Nomenclature of binary acids and oxoacids are not similar. Binary acids are named based on the non-metal atom present in them. Oxoacids are named on the basis of polyatomic anion present in them.
• Naming binary molecular compounds is also similar to binary ionic compounds.
• The first element is named as such while second element is added with prefix which describes the number of respective atoms present.

Answer to Problem 2.49QP

Formula for the compound Ammonium sulfate is written as ${\left(N{H}_4\right)}_{2}S{O}_4$.

Explanation of Solution

With reference to table 2.3 in the text book, anions and cations formed by various elements are named.

The cation and anion in Ammonium sulfate are ammonium ion $N{H}_4^{+}$ and sulfate ion $S{O}_4^{2-}$ respectively. Charge on the anion is written on the subscript of the cation. Charge on the cation is written on the subscript of the anion.

Hence the formula is ${\left(N{H}_4\right)}_{2}S{O}_4$.

(i)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Formula for the given compound Silver perchlorate has to be written.

Concept Introduction:

Generally the ionic compound consists of cation and anion.

Cation: When electrons are removed from the atom that results to form positively charged ion called cation.

Anion: Addition of electron to atom results to form negatively charged ion called anion.

The nomenclature of inorganic compounds involves following rules:

• For ionic compounds first, metal cations are named first which then followed by nonmetallic anion.
• In ionic compound the metal cations generally hold their metal name itself and the metal anions hold their respective metal name with suffix $\text{"-ide"}$ with it.
• The prefixes on each atom indicate the number of those atoms in the compound.
• The number written on the subscript of the anion is numerically equal to the charge on the cation and vice versa.
• Subscripts are discarded when the numerical charge on cation and anion are equal.
• When a metal has more than one positive oxidation state, its lowest oxidation number has name of the metal ion ending with ‘ous’ and highest oxidation number has name of the metal ion ending with ‘ic’. This rule is applicable when oxidation number of metal is not more than three.
• If a metal ion has multiple numbers of oxidation states more than three, then Roman numeral has to be used within square brackets to indicate the oxidation number of metal ion.
• Nomenclature of binary acids and oxoacids are not similar. Binary acids are named based on the non-metal atom present in them. Oxoacids are named on the basis of polyatomic anion present in them.
• Naming binary molecular compounds is also similar to binary ionic compounds.
• The first element is named as such while second element is added with prefix which describes the number of respective atoms present.

Answer to Problem 2.49QP

Formula of the compound Silver perchlorate is written as $AgCl{O}_4$

Explanation of Solution

With reference to table 2.3 in the text book, anions and cations formed by various elements are named.

The cation and anion in Silver perchlorate are silver ion $A{g}^{+}$ and chlorate ion $Cl{O}_4^{-}$ respectively. Charge on the anion is written on the subscript of the cation. Charge on the cation is written on the subscript of the anion.

Hence the formula is $AgCl{O}_4$

(j)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Formula for the given compound iron $\left(III\right)$ chromate has to be written.

Concept Introduction:

Generally the ionic compound consists of cation and anion.

Cation: When electrons are removed from the atom that results to form positively charged ion called cation.

Anion: Addition of electron to atom results to form negatively charged ion called anion.

The nomenclature of inorganic compounds involves following rules:

• For ionic compounds first, metal cations are named first which then followed by nonmetallic anion.
• In ionic compound the metal cations generally hold their metal name itself and the metal anions hold their respective metal name with suffix $\text{"-ide"}$ with it.
• The prefixes on each atom indicate the number of those atoms in the compound.
• The number written on the subscript of the anion is numerically equal to the charge on the cation and vice versa.
• Subscripts are discarded when the numerical charge on cation and anion are equal.
• When a metal has more than one positive oxidation state, its lowest oxidation number has name of the metal ion ending with ‘ous’ and highest oxidation number has name of the metal ion ending with ‘ic’. This rule is applicable when oxidation number of metal is not more than three.
• If a metal ion has multiple numbers of oxidation states more than three, then Roman numeral has to be used within square brackets to indicate the oxidation number of metal ion.
• Nomenclature of binary acids and oxoacids are not similar. Binary acids are named based on the non-metal atom present in them. Oxoacids are named on the basis of polyatomic anion present in them.
• Naming binary molecular compounds is also similar to binary ionic compounds.
• The first element is named as such while second element is added with prefix which describes the number of respective atoms present.

Answer to Problem 2.49QP

Formula of iron $\left(III\right)$ chromate is written as $F{e}_2{\left(Cr{O}_4^{}\right)}_3$.

Explanation of Solution

With reference to table 2.3 in the text book, anions and cations formed by various elements are named.

The cation and anion in iron $\left(III\right)$ chromate are iron ion $F{e}^{3+}$ and chromate ion $Cr{O}_4^{2-}$. Charge on the anion is written on the subscript of the cation. Charge on the cation is written on the subscript of the anion.

Hence the formula is $F{e}_2{\left(Cr{O}_4^{}\right)}_3$.

(k)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Formula for the given compound calcium sulfate dihydrate has to be written.

Concept Introduction:

Generally the ionic compound consists of cation and anion.

Cation: When electrons are removed from the atom that results to form positively charged ion called cation.

Anion: Addition of electron to atom results to form negatively charged ion called anion.

The nomenclature of inorganic compounds involves following rules:

• For ionic compounds first, metal cations are named first which then followed by nonmetallic anion.
• In ionic compound the metal cations generally hold their metal name itself and the metal anions hold their respective metal name with suffix $\text{"-ide"}$ with it.
• The prefixes on each atom indicate the number of those atoms in the compound.
• The number written on the subscript of the anion is numerically equal to the charge on the cation and vice versa.
• Subscripts are discarded when the numerical charge on cation and anion are equal.
• When a metal has more than one positive oxidation state, its lowest oxidation number has name of the metal ion ending with ‘ous’ and highest oxidation number has name of the metal ion ending with ‘ic’. This rule is applicable when oxidation number of metal is not more than three.
• If a metal ion has multiple numbers of oxidation states more than three, then Roman numeral has to be used within square brackets to indicate the oxidation number of metal ion.
• Nomenclature of binary acids and oxoacids are not similar. Binary acids are named based on the non-metal atom present in them. Oxoacids are named on the basis of polyatomic anion present in them.
• Naming binary molecular compounds is also similar to binary ionic compounds.
• The first element is named as such while second element is added with prefix which describes the number of respective atoms present.

Answer to Problem 2.49QP

Formula of calcium sulfate dihydrate is written as $CaS{O}_4.2H_{2}O$.

Explanation of Solution

With reference to table 2.3 in the text book, anions and cations formed by various elements are named.

The anion and cation in calcium sulfate dihydrate are calcium ion $C{a}^{2+}$ and sulfate ion $S{O}_4^{2-}$ respectively. Charge on the anion is written on the subscript of the cation. Charge on the cation is written on the subscript of the anion. Also the given compound contains two water molecules since the word di– indicates it.

Hence the formula is $CaS{O}_4.2H_{2}O$.