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Specific gravity is a physical property. Beakers hold three clear, colorless liquids A, B, and C. The values of the specific gravities of the liquids are measured and then listed in the “Before freezing” column. The beakers are placed in a freezer until a solid crust forms across the surface of each. The beakers are placed in a freezer until a solid crust forms across the surface of each. The crusts are removed, and the liquids are warmed to room temperature. Their specific gravities are measured again, and then their values are listed in the “After Freezing” column. Which beaker(s) contain(s) a pure substance, and which contain a mixture? Explain your reasoning
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Chapter 2 Solutions
Introductory Chemistry: An Active Learning Approach
- A student checked the accuracy of two standard top-loading balances by testing them with a standard 5.000-g mass. The results were as follows: Balance 1: 4.99 g, 5.04 g, 5.03 g, 5.01 g Balance 2: 4.97 g, 4.99 g, 4.95 g, 4.96 g Calculate the average values for balances 1 and 2 and calculate the percent error for each. Which balance is more accurate?arrow_forwardDetermine whether each statement that follows is true or false: a The SI system includes metric units. b If two quantities are expressed in an equivalency, they are directly proportional to each other. c The scientific notation form of a number smaller than 1 has a positive exponent. d In changing a number in scientific notation whose coefficient is not between 1 and 10 to standard scientific notation, the exponent becomes smaller if the decimal in the coefficient is moved to the right. e There are 1000 kilounits in a unit. f There are 10 milliunits in a centiunit g There are 1000 milliliters in a cubic centimeter. h The mass of an object is independent of its location in the universe. i Celsius degrees are smaller than Fahrenheit degrees. j The uncertain digit is the last digit written when a number is expressed properly in significant figures. k The quantity 76.2 g means the same as 76.200 g. l The number of significant figures in a sum may be more than the number of significant figures in any of the quantities added. m The number of significant figures in a difference may be fewer than the number of significant figures in any of the quantities subtracted. n The number of significant figures in a product may be more than the number of significant figures in any of the quantities multiplied. o The process of analysis of a problem statement includes describing the properties of the given and wanted quantities. p If the quantity in the answer to a problem is familiar, it is not necessary to check to make sure the answer is reasonable. q Conversion factors can be used to change from one unit to another only when the quantities are directly proportional. r When you are learning chemistry, you should check the solution to each problem you solve at two levels: 1 is the value reasonable? 2 what new knowledge or skill did I obtain or improve? s There is no advantage to using units in a problem that is solved by algebra. t A Fahrenheit temperature can be changed to a Celsius temperature by multiplying by a conversion factor.arrow_forwardWhich of the following are the same and which are different? a. a substance and a pure substance b. a heterogeneous mixture and a solution c. a substance and a mixture d. a homogeneous mixture and a solutionarrow_forward
- Distinguish precisely and in scientific terms the differences among items in each of the following groups. a Coefficient, exponent, exponential b Equivalency, conversion factor, quantity, value, unit c Analyze, identify, construct, check d Mass, weight e Unit, kilounit, centiunit, milliunit f Significant figures, uncertain digit g Uncertainty, exact number h The symbols = and i Fahrenheit, Celsius, kelvin j Direct proportionality, proportionality constant k Density, mass, volumearrow_forwardWater and saline (salt) solution have in common that they are both homogeneous. How do these materials differ? Be specific and use chemical terms to describe the two systems.arrow_forward1.89 Imagine that you place a cork measuring 1.30cm4.50cm3.00cm in a pan of water. On top of this cork, you place a small cube of lead measuring 1.15 cm on a side. Describe how you would determine if the combination of the cork and lead cube will still float in the water. Note any information you would need to look up to answer the question.arrow_forward
- When a large or small number is written in standard scientific notation, the number is expressed as the product of a number between 1 and 10, multiplied by the appropriate power of 10. For each of the following numbers, indicate what power of 10 would be appropriate when expressing the numbers in standard scientific notation. a. 84,961,306 b. 0.4870 c. 0.000033812 d. 3,890,406,000,000arrow_forwarda. There are 365 days per year, 24 hours per day, 12 months per year, and 60 minutes per hour. Use these data (o deter- mine how many minutes are in a month. b. Now use the following data to calculate the number of minutes in a month: 24 hours per day, 60 minutes per hour, 7 days per week, and 4 weeks per month. c. Why are these answers different? Which (if any) is more correct? Why?arrow_forwardThe following data refer to the element phosphorus. Classify each as a physical or a chemical property. (a) It exists in several forms, for example, white, black, and red phosphorus. (b) It is a solid at 25C and 1 atm. (c) It is insoluble in water. (d) It burns in chlorine to form phosphorus trichloride.arrow_forward
- The following are properties of substances. Decide whether each is a physical property or a chemical property. a Chlorine gas liquefies at 35C under normal pressure. b Hydrogen burns in chlorine gas. c Bromine melts at 7.2C. d Lithium is a soft, silvery-colored metal. e Iron rusts in an atmosphere of moist air.arrow_forwardA basketball game at the University of Connecticut's Gampel Pavilion attracted 10,000 people. The building's in-terior floor space has an area of 1.71105 ft2. Tickets to the game sold for $22.00. Senior citizens were given a 20% discount. How many significant figures are there in each quantity? (Your answer may include the words ambiguous and exact.)arrow_forwardIf you repeat the same measurement many times, will you always obtain exactly the same result? Why or why not? What factors influence the repeatability of a measurement?arrow_forward
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