(a)
Interpretation:
The
Concept Introduction:
The convention followed to remove or add electrons is electrons of largest principal quantum number are lost first. In case of subshells of the same
(b)
Interpretation:
The
Concept Introduction:
Refer to part (a).
(c)
Interpretation:
The
Concept Introduction:
Refer to part (a).
(d)
Interpretation:
The
Concept Introduction:
Refer to part (a).
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Chapter 2 Solutions
ACHIEVE/CHEMICAL PRINCIPLES ACCESS 2TERM
- 5.) Electron Configurations for Ions: Supply the ground state electron configurations for the following ions. You many use the short-hand notation (e.g. Na*: [He]2s 2p°). (a) N (b) Mg*. (c) O (d) Sc* (e) Sn2+ (f) Ar 6.) Formulas of Ions: Predict the formulas of the most stable ions of the following elements (a) Na (b) Mg (c) S (d) Al (e) Br (f) Parrow_forwardWrite electron configurations for the following ions, anddetermine which have noble-gas configurations: (a) Cd2+,(b) P3-, (c) Zr4+, (d) Ru3+, (e) As3-, (f) Ag+.arrow_forward7. Which element has the smallest first ionization energy? (a) Cs (b) Ga (c) K (d) Bi (e) As 8. Which element has the smallest second ionization energy? (a) Mg (b) Li (c) S (d) O (e) Ca 9. Which of the following sets contain all linear molecules? (a) H2S, HCN, CO2. (b) HCN, O2, CO2 (c) H2O, CO, Cl2. (d) H2S, CO, CO2. (e) BF3, Cl2, O2 10. The molecular geometry of SnCl3-ion is: (a) trigonal planar (b) T-shaped. (c) trigonal pyramidal. (d) Tetrahedral (e) see-saw 11. The geometry of the molecule SPC13 is best described as: (a) square planar (b) trigonal pyramidal (c) trigonal bipyramidal. (d) octahedral (e) tetrahedral 12. The O-S-Cl bond angles in O2SCl2 are expected to be approximately: (a) 90° (b) 109.5° (c) 120° (d)180 ° (e) 90° and 120°arrow_forward
- 2. Explain the following phenomena on the basis of electron configuration. i) Fluorine forms an ion having a charge of -1. Support your answer by providing the electron configuration of both atom and ion. ii) Which is the more likely the configuration for Mn2+: [Ar]4s23d3 or [Ar]3d5. Give reason for your answer.arrow_forwardUse the periodic table to (i) predict electron configurations for the following species: Arsenic ion, As3– Magnesium ion, Mg2+ Vanadium(II) ion, V2+ (ii) Write the electron configurations of each species in the noble gas notation. (iii) Draw an orbital diagram to represent 1 c above. Draw the Lewis electron dot structures of the following chemical species. In each case you must say whether or not the central atom obeys the Octet Rule. CS2 and H2S CF4 and SiH4 NH2Cl CO32– and BF3 PCl5 ClF3, XeF2, Calculate the formal charge on the Sulphur atom in the Sulphate anion structure shown below(picture attatched) Give the electron-pair and molecular geometries for NF3 and XeF4.arrow_forwardFor each pair, identify the orbital in which an electron possesses more energy. (a) 4s or 5s; (b) 5p or 5darrow_forward
- For each of the following pairs of atoms, state which youexpect to have the higher electron affinity: (a) Rb or Sr;(b) I or Rn; (c) Ba or Te; (d) Bi or Carrow_forwardThe gadolinium +3 ion (Gd3+) has advantageous magnetic properties for Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) applications, specifically a high number of unpaired electrons. In fact, both neutral Gd and Gd3+ have a set of degenerate orbitals with seven unpaired electrons. a) Write the electron configuration for Gd and Gd3+ using the condensed noble gas notation. Identify which orbitals lose electrons to yield the +3 cation based on the above information. Explain your reasoning (2-3 sentences). b) Curium (Cm) is an actinide element named for Marie Curie. Cm is in the same group as Gd and also forms a +3 cation. Write the electron configuration for Cm and Cm3+. c) While +3 is the most common oxidation state for lanthanide elements, some can form +2 ions. Identify an isoelectronic ion to Gd3+ that has a +2 oxidation state and indicate which orbitals lose electrons to form that ion.arrow_forwardWrite ground-state electron configurations for the following ions: K+, Mg2+, O2-, I-, Al3+,arrow_forward
- (a) What are valence electrons? (b) How many valence electrons does a nitrogen possess? (c) An atom has the electron configuration 1s22s22p63s23p2. How many valence electrons does the atom have?arrow_forwardWrite the noble gas core ground-state electron configuration for the 3+ ion of Yb. What other ion is Yb likely to form?arrow_forwardConsider these ground-state ionization energies of one-electron species:H=1.31X10³kJ/mol ,He⁺=5.24X10³kJ/mol Li²⁺=1.41X10⁴kJ/mol (a) Write a general expression for the ionization energy of anyone-electron species. (b) Use your expression to calculate theionization energy of B⁴⁺. (c) What is the minimum wavelengthrequired to remove the electron from the n=3 level of He⁺?(d) What is the minimum wavelength required to remove the electron from the n=2 level of Be³⁺?arrow_forward
- Chemistry: The Molecular ScienceChemistryISBN:9781285199047Author:John W. Moore, Conrad L. StanitskiPublisher:Cengage LearningChemistry & Chemical ReactivityChemistryISBN:9781337399074Author:John C. Kotz, Paul M. Treichel, John Townsend, David TreichelPublisher:Cengage Learning
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