Biology: Life on Earth with Physiology Plus Mastering Biology with Pearson eText -- Access Card Package (11th Edition)
11th Edition
ISBN: 9780133910605
Author: Gerald Audesirk, Teresa Audesirk, Bruce E. Byers
Publisher: PEARSON
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Chapter 2, Problem 7RQ
Summary Introduction
To explain:
The term
Introduction:
The pH scale provides a means of comparing the concentration of hydroxide ions (
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Define pH scale, acid, base, and buffer. How do buffers reduce changes in pH when hydrogen ions or hydroxide ions are added to a solution? Why is this phenomenon important in organisms?
Match each weak acid with the pH value at which it would buffer.
pH 3
ammonium (PK, of 9.25)
chloroacetic acid (pK, of 2.87)
acetic acid (pKâ‚‚ of 4.76)
formic acid (PK, of 3.8)
pH 5
Answer Bank
boric acid (PK, of 9.24)
pH 9
hydrazoic acid (PK, of 4.6)
pH expresses the molar concentration of hydronium ions in an
aqueous solution on a logarithmic scale. (Note that it is
common to use the hydrogen ion, H*, to represent the
hydronium ion, H3O+.)
pH = -log[H3O+]
[H3O+] = 10-PH
As pH decreases, acidity increases. As pH increases, acidity
decreases.
• Acidic solution: pH 7
Part A - Calculating pH
Submit
[Hâ‚‚0+] 1
Acidic
pH 01
10Âą 102 103 104 105 106 107 108 109 10-10 10-11 10-12 10-13 10-14
stomach
acid
3
wine
lemon tomatoes
juice
vinegar,
black
soft drinks, coffee
beer
6
Neutral
urine
milk
7
human
blood
pure
water
sea-
water
baking
soda
10 11 12 13 14
milk
of
magnesia house-
hold
ammonia
oven
cleaner
Basic
household
bleach
Adapted from Biological Science by Freeman ©2008 Pearson Education, Inc.
What is the pH of an aqueous solution with the hydronium ion concentration
[H3O+] = 2 x 10-14 M?
Make sure that your answer has the correct number of significant figures. For help determining the correct number of significant figures, see Hint 3.
►…
Chapter 2 Solutions
Biology: Life on Earth with Physiology Plus Mastering Biology with Pearson eText -- Access Card Package (11th Edition)
Ch. 2.1 - Unstable Atoms Unleashed Because exposure to...Ch. 2.1 - define clement and atom?Ch. 2.1 - What is the mass number of hydrogen? Of helium?Ch. 2.1 - Prob. 2CYLCh. 2.1 - Prob. 2TCCh. 2.1 - explain atomic number and mass number?Ch. 2.1 - What causes the coals of a campfire to glow?Ch. 2.1 - explain radioactivity and its dangers and...Ch. 2.1 - In addition to lower brain activity, what other...Ch. 2.1 - describe electron shells?
Ch. 2.2 - Prob. 1CYLCh. 2.2 - At a physical exam, Thomas, a sedentary...Ch. 2.2 - Prob. 2CYLCh. 2.2 - explain atomic number and mass number?Ch. 2.3 - Unstable Atoms Unleashed Scientists believe that...Ch. 2.3 - Prob. 1CYLCh. 2.3 - The slap of a belly flop provides firsthand...Ch. 2.3 - If you placed a salt crystal in a nonpolar liquid...Ch. 2.3 - Prob. 2CYLCh. 2.3 - Predict how a drop of water on an oil-coated...Ch. 2.3 - explain atomic number and mass number?Ch. 2.3 - Prob. 3TCCh. 2 - Detergents help clean by dispersing fats and oils...Ch. 2 - An atom consists of an atomic nucleus composed of...Ch. 2 - Which of the following is false? a. An dement is...Ch. 2 - Prob. 1RQCh. 2 - Prob. 2ACCh. 2 - An atom that has lost or gained one or more...Ch. 2 - Prob. 2MCCh. 2 - Distinguish between atoms and molecules and among...Ch. 2 - Prob. 3ACCh. 2 - Prob. 3FIBCh. 2 - Prob. 3MCCh. 2 - Prob. 3RQCh. 2 - Prob. 4FIBCh. 2 - Prob. 4MCCh. 2 - Prob. 4RQCh. 2 - Water is described as __________ because each...Ch. 2 - Prob. 5MCCh. 2 - Prob. 5RQCh. 2 - Prob. 6RQCh. 2 - Prob. 7RQ
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- if pH level of solution changes from pH 5 to pH 2, how much acidity increased in that solution and why?arrow_forwardWhy are buffers important in living systems? please explainarrow_forwardI want to make a buffer solution containing 1 M glycene pH = 10 (Na+), 1 mM ZnCl2Â , 1 mM MgCl2. I have the stock solutions 1 M glycene, 1 M MgCl2, 1 M ZnCl2, and 10 M NaOH. My final volume of buffer solution needs to be 250ml. how much (in ml) of each solution should i put into my buffer?arrow_forward
- Which of the following is TRUE if pH is higher than the pka of the buffer? O [weak acid] approximately 0 O [conjugate base] = [weak acid] [conjugate base] > [weak acid] O [conjugate base] < [weak acid]arrow_forwardA solution has a hydrogen ion concentration of 0.01 mol/L. What is its pH? What is its hydroxide ion concentration? Is it acidic, basic, or neutral? How does the hydrogen ion concentration of this solution differ from one with a pH of 1?arrow_forwardWhich of the following combinations would be the best choice to buffer the pH of a solution at approximately 7? Ionization Constants for Aqueous Weak Acids at 25 °C Acid K. (pK,) Conjugate Base Hydrogen phthalate ion, Cg H4(CO2H)(CO2) Acetic acid, CH3 CO,H Acetate ion, CH; CO2- 1.8 x 10-5 (4.74) Weak Acid Phthalic acid, C6 H4 (CO,H)2 1.3 x 10-3 (2.89) Dihydrogen phosphate Hydrogen phosphate ion, H2 PO4 Hydrogen phosphate ion, HPO42 6.2 x 10-8 (7.21) ion, HPO,2- Phosphate ion, PO,* 3.6 x 10-13 (12.44) O Na, HPO4 and NagPO4 O NaH2 PO4 and NazHPO4 O H;PO4 and NaH2 PO4arrow_forward
- You need to prepare 500 ml PBS buffer, a solution commonly used in biological research. The buffer helps to maintain the pH, and the osmolarity, as well as ion concentrations of PBS buffer, match those of the human body. PBS buffer consists of the following components: 137 mM NaCl, 2.7 mM KCl, 10 mM Na2HPO4, 1.8 mM KH2PO4. How would you prepare the buffer?arrow_forwardWhat is the effect of adding a small amount of a strong acid or strong base to the acidity of a buffer? How would this compare to an unbuffered solution of the same acidity?arrow_forwardWhich of the following buffers has the highest buffering capacity? 0.15 M phosphate buffer at pH 7.2 0.015 M phosphate buffer at pH 7.2 0.01 M phosphate buffer at pH 7.2 0.10 M phosphate buffer at pH 7.2arrow_forward
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