Evolutionary Analysis (5th Edition)
5th Edition
ISBN: 9780321616678
Author: Jon C. Herron, Scott Freeman
Publisher: PEARSON
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Textbook Question
Chapter 2, Problem 8Q
Analogy and homology are important concepts used in comparing species. Traits are homologous if they are derived, evolutionarily and developmentally, from the same source structure. Traits are analogous if they have similar functions but are derived, evolutionarily and developmentally, from different source structures. A classic example of analogous structures is insect wings and bat wings. Which of the following pairs of structures are analogous and which arc homologous?
- a. The dorsal fins of a porpoise and a salmon
- b. The flippers of a porpoise and the pectoral fins (front fins) of a salmon
- c. The jointed leg of a ladybird beetle and a robin
- d. A rhesus monkey’s tail and a human’s coccyx
- e. The bright red bracts (modified leaves) of a poinsettia and the green leaves of a rose
- f. Red bracts on a poinsettia and red petals on a rose
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The figure shows a phylogenetic tree of various members of the order Proboscidea, which includes modern elephants. Which of the following claims is best supported by the information in the figure ?
a.The mastodon and the Stegodon diverged from their common ancestor 22 million years ago.
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d.The Asian and African elephants are the most closely related species shown on the tree.
Traditionally morphological features are used to construct phylogenic trees of related species. In recent years, molecular sequences of nucleic acids or proteins, called the "molecular clock” by some researchers, have been used to reveal phylogenic relations. This diagram shows phylogenic trees of selected groups of mammals. The tree A is based on morphological features, whilst the tree B is based on molecular data.
What statement about the differences of the two phylogenic trees is accurate?
A. The common ancestors of Carnivora/Rodentia and Chiroptera/Primates are the same for tree A; they are different for tree B.
B. The common ancestors of Carnivora/Rodentia and Chiroptera/Primates are the same for tree A; they are the same for tree B.
C. The common ancestors of Carnivora/Rodentia and Chiroptera/Primates are different for tree A; they are different for tree B.
D. The common ancestors of Carnivora/Rodentia and Chiroptera/Primates are different for tree A; they are the same for…
Chapter 2 Solutions
Evolutionary Analysis (5th Edition)
Ch. 2 - Review the kinds of evidence for evolution...Ch. 2 - Consider the experiment described in Section 2.1...Ch. 2 - In addition to dogs, list at least two or three...Ch. 2 - Look back at Figure 2.14d, which shows the two...Ch. 2 - Figures 2.20 through 2.22 show examples of...Ch. 2 - The transitional fossils in Figure 2.21...Ch. 2 - Section 2.4 presented two definitions of homology:...Ch. 2 - Analogy and homology are important concepts used...Ch. 2 - Figure 2.26 is an evolutionary tree showing the...Ch. 2 - According to the evolutionary tree shown in Figure...
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