Chapter 20, Problem 14E

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Whether $K$ is stable or not needs to be determined and if unstable, the type of radioactive decay that will take place needs to be determined.

Concept Introduction:

A nucleus is unstable if the ratio of number of protons to number of neutrons is not equal. In such cases, it will dissociate to smaller fragments that is stable and in the process releases alpha, beta or gamma particles. If the ratio of number of protons to number of neutrons is less or equal to 1, then positron is released and if the ratio is more than 1 then beta particle is released.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Whether $Fe$ is stable or not needs to be determined and if unstable, the type of radioactive decay that will take place needs to be determined.

Concept Introduction:

A radioactive decay takes place when the ratio of number of protons to number of neutrons is not equal in a nucleus and is considered unstable. In such cases, there is dissociation to smaller fragments to make them stable with the release of alpha, beta or gamma particles. If the ratio of number of protons to number of neutrons is more than 1 then beta particle is released and if less than 1, then positron is released.

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Whether $Na$ is stable or not needs to be determined and if unstable, the type of radioactive decay that will take place needs to be determined.

Concept Introduction:

If the ratio of number of protons to number of neutrons in unstable nucleus is not equal, it undergoes dissociation to give smaller stable fragments releasing alpha, beta or gamma particles. If the ratio of number of protons to number of neutrons is less or equal to 1, then positron is released and if the ratio is more than 1 then beta particle is released.

d)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Whether $Tl$ is stable or not needs to be determined and if unstable, the type of radioactive decay that will take place needs to be determined.

Concept Introduction:

A nucleus is unstable if the ratio of number of protons to number of neutrons is not equal. In such cases, it will dissociate to smaller fragments that is stable and in the process releases alpha, beta or gamma particles. If the ratio of number of protons to number of neutrons is less or equal to 1, then positron is released and if the ratio is more than 1 then beta particle is released.