Biological Science (6th Edition)
6th Edition
ISBN: 9780321976499
Author: Scott Freeman, Kim Quillin, Lizabeth Allison, Michael Black, Emily Taylor, Greg Podgorski, Jeff Carmichael
Publisher: PEARSON
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Chapter 20, Problem 16PIAT
Summary Introduction
To review:
The concerns related to GM (genetically modified) crops that contain foreign (non-crop plant) genes.
Introduction:
The GM crops are the plants whose DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) has been altered using
Transgenic plants usually contain genes of bacterial plasmid origin. In a study, researchers transformed cells from a susceptible potato variety with a potato blight resistance gene cloned from a resistant variety. They performed PCR using primers specific for the plasmid to determine which plants from this group were also free of plasmid DNA (cloning vector) sequences. The positive control lane showed PCR amplification of plasmid DNA only, and the negative control lane showed an attempted PCR amplification of no added DNA. Use this study to address concerns related to GM crops.
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How is genetically engineering crops different from selective breeding? Similar?
A majority of genetically engineered crops in production worldwide today have been engineered with a gene that:
A) codes for a protein that improves the nutrient value of the food
B) codes for a protein which makes the crop resistant to the herbicide Roundup
C) codes for a protein that allows the plant to thrive in a high-salt environment
D) codes for a protein that suppresses the production of allergens in the food
Transgenic crops often require fewer herbicides and insecticides than conventional crops. In that respect, they could be considered environmentally friendly. Use the Internet to research the question of why some environmental groups oppose transgenic technology.
Chapter 20 Solutions
Biological Science (6th Edition)
Ch. 20 - Prob. 1TYKCh. 20 - What is a plasmid? a. an organelle found in many...Ch. 20 - 3. Once the gene that causes Huntington disease...Ch. 20 - CAUTION The human genome size is 3 billion base...Ch. 20 - Prob. 5TYUCh. 20 - Prob. 6TYUCh. 20 - Prob. 7TYUCh. 20 - Prob. 8TYUCh. 20 - 9. Revolutionaries executed Nicholas II, the last...Ch. 20 - Prob. 10TYPSS
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- Think of and identify a modern-day problem that can be solved by Genetic Engineering. If youwere a scientist, what unique characteristics (at least 3) will be exhibited by the GMO that willsolve the problem? Briefly describe each in 200 words.arrow_forwardA farmer is attending a genetic conference on crops. What is the best question a farmer could ask before deciding to use genetically modified crops or non-genetically modified crops? A. Are genetically modified crops typically safer? B.Are genetically modified crops typically more productive? C.Are genetically modified crops typically more controversial? D.Are genetically modified crops typically more expensive?arrow_forwardWhat is the major reason why the maize genome is much larger than the rice genome?a. Maize has more genes than rice.b. Rice has more genes than maize.c. Maize has more DNA transposons than rice.d. Maize has more retrotransposons than rice.arrow_forward
- What modern-day problem can be solved by Genetic Engineering? Explain the unique characteristics will be exhibited by the GMO that will solve the problem. Briefly describe each.arrow_forwardMany people are opposed to the production of transgenic crop plants. Do you feel that position is justified?arrow_forwardWhat is mutation? Explain the significance of mutation in plant breeding. Give an example of a disease resistant variety of cultivated plant induced by mutation.arrow_forward
- Think and identify a modern day problem that can be solved by genetic engineering. If you were a scientist, name 3 unique characteristics that the GMO exhibit that will solve the problem. Briefly describe each.arrow_forwardRice is a staple food in Asia. In the 1950s, Asia faced food shortages and an impending famine. If you have relatives that lived in Asia during the ’50s and ’60s, they may tell you that due to the rice shortage, many starved and those who were lucky had to supplement their diet with other crops, such as barley. In 1962, an organization focused on research and development of rice called the International Rice Research Institute (IRRI) developed a high-yielding variety of rice by crossing the two types of rice from Indonesia and China. The result was groundbreaking. The new variety called IR8 (India Rice 8) increased its yield as much as 10 times the traditional variety of rice. By the early 1970s, many rice farmers in India, the Philippines, and Vietnam switched to cultivating IR8 rice, making these countries into major rice exporters, preventing a mass famine in Asia, and saving millions of lives. In many major Canadian cities, a GMO-free, organic diet is becoming more popular, as can…arrow_forwardCrops gain genetic diversity when large swathes of farmland are planted with the same crop. Which part of this statement is false?  a) Farmland is planted with the same crop. b) Crops that are the same gain diversity c) Crops are planted in large swathes d) Crops are planted in farmlandarrow_forward
- One problem with this line of criticism is that it is difficult to distinguish good forms of manipulating nature from unacceptable ones. Some critics of GMOs argue that we ought to leave species as we find them, and that it is the cross-species transfers of genetic material involved in some GMOs that make them unacceptable. One problem with this objection is that similar transfers have occurred in nature—from basic plant genetics to the long-term patterns of evolution. Please explain what does it meanarrow_forwardSome varieties of soybeans have been genetically modified. They have been changed so that they do not die when a particular herbicide is sprayed on a field. How would this genetic modification improve the soybean crop? It would enable the crop plants to kill nearby weeds directly. It would protect the crop when farmers sprayed for harmful insects. It would allow farmers to eliminate weeds that compete with the crop. It would increase the fitness of the crop plants and improve their growth.arrow_forwardImproving the nutritional value of food has long been one of the goals in agricultural genetics. Crossing different strains of plants and animals followed by generations of artificial selection have yielded some successes, including the development of high-protein maize. The use of gene transfer biotechnology has led to other advances, including the creation of nutritionally enhanced rice to combat vitamin A deficiency and blindness. Researchers are now turning their attention to the nutritional enhancement of animals that are used as food. Scientists are now turning their attention to using gene transfer technology to nutritionally enhance animal foods. Recently, biotechnology was used to produce a sheep with increased amounts of an omega-3 essential fatty acid that plays an important role in the development of the nervous system and, in adults, reduces the risk of coronary artery disease. Once a small number of transgenic animals have been produced, they can be bred by conventional methods to establish a source of nutritionally enhanced meat and milk. The use of biotechnology is presenting consumers with many new choices, which will become more common in the future. Increasingly, we will all have to educate ourselves about the pros and cons of such decisions. On the other hand, how would you explain your preference for meat from animals without higher levels of beneficial fatty acids?arrow_forward
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