Physics for Scientists and Engineers
6th Edition
ISBN: 9781429281843
Author: Tipler
Publisher: MAC HIGHER
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Chapter 20, Problem 18P
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Water enters a 2.5-cm-internal-diameter thin copper tube of a heat exchanger at 15°C at a rate of 0.3 kg/s, and is heated by steam condensing outside at 120°C. If the average heat transfer coefficient is 800 W/m2·°C, determine the length of the tube required in order to heat the water to 115°C
Most automobiles have a coolant reservoir to catch radiator fluid that may overflow when the engine is hot. Such a radiator, made of copper, is filled to its 11-L capacity when at 10.0°C.
a. What volume of radiator fluid, in liters, will overflow when the radiator and fluid reach their 98°C operating temperature, given that the fluid’s thermal coefficient of volume expansion is 400.0 × 10-6 / °C? The coefficient of volume expansion for copper is 5.1 × 10-5 /°C.
The convection heat transfer coefficient for a clothedperson standing in moving air is expressed as h = 14.8V 0.69for 0.15 < V < 1.5 m/s, where V is the air velocity. For aperson with a body surface area of 1.7 m2 and an averagesurface temperature of 29°C, determine the rate of heat lossfrom the person in windy air at 10°C by convection for airvelocities of (a) 0.5 m/s, (b) 1.0 m/s, and (c) 1.5 m/s.
Chapter 20 Solutions
Physics for Scientists and Engineers
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- An aluminum rod 0.500 m in length and with a cross-sectional area of 2.50 cm2 is inserted into a thermally insulated vessel containing liquid helium at 4.20 K. The rod is initially at 300 K. (a) If one-half of the rod is inserted into the helium, how many liters of helium boil off by the time the inserted half cools to 4.20 K? Assume the upper half does not yet cool. (b) If the circular surface of the upper end of the rod is maintained at 300 K, what is the approximate boil-off rate of liquid helium in liters per second after the lower half has reached 4.20 K? (Aluminum has thermal conductivity of 3 100 W/m K at 4.20 K; ignore its temperature variation. The density of liquid helium is 125 kg/m3.)arrow_forwardConsider the latent heat of fusion and the latent heat of vaporization for H2O, 3.33 105 J/kg and 2.256 106 J/kg, respectively. How much heat is needed to a. melt 2.00 kg of ice and b. vaporize 2.00 kg of water? Assume the temperatures of the ice and steam are at the melting point and vaporization point, respectively. (a). UsingEq21.9, Q = mLF = (2.00 kg) (3.33l05 J/kg) = 6.66105 J (b).UsingEq21.10. Q = mLV = (2.00kg) (2.256106 J/kg) = 14.51106 Jarrow_forwardMost automobiles have a coolant reservoir to catch radiator fluid than may overflow when 1he engine is hot. A radiator is made of copper and is filled to its 16.0L capacity when at 10.0C. What volume of radiator fluid will overflow when the radiator and fluid reach their 95.0C operating temperature, given that the fluid’s volume coefficient of expansion is =400106/C ? Note that this coefficient is approximate, because most car radiators have operating temperatures of greater than 95.0C.arrow_forward
- In a nuclear power plant, a 1.0 kg of water at 61.7 °C is converted into 1.0 kg of steam at 133.2 °C. The total heat (in kcal) supplied by the plant is: Use cwater = 1.00 kcal/(kg.°C), csteam = 0.48 kcal/(kg.°C), and Lv = 540.0 kcal/kgarrow_forwardA 50-m-long section of a steam pipe whose outer diameteris 10 cm passes through an open space at 15°C. The averagetemperature of the outer surface of the pipe is measured to be150°C. If the combined heat transfer coefficient on the outer surfaceof the pipe is 20 W/m2·K, determine (a) the rate of heat lossfrom the steam pipe; (b) the annual cost of this energy lost if steamis generated in a natural gas furnace that has an efficiency of 75percent and the price of natural gas is $0.52/therm (1 therm =105,500 kJ); and (c) the thickness of fiberglass insulation(k = 0.035 W/m·K) needed in order to save 90 percent of the heatlost. Assume the pipe temperature to remain constant at 150°C.arrow_forwardSolar radiation is incident on a 5 m2 solar absorberplate surface at a rate of 800 W/m2. Ninety-three percent ofthe solar radiation is absorbed by the absorber plate, whilethe remaining 7 percent is reflected away. The solar absorberplate has a surface temperature of 40°C with an emissivityof 0.9 that experiences radiation exchange with the surroundingtemperature of -5°C. In addition, convective heat transferoccurs between the absorber plate surface and the ambientair of 20°C with a convection heat transfer coefficient of7 W/m2∙K. Determine the efficiency of the solar absorber,which is defined as the ratio of the usable heat collected bythe absorber to the incident solar radiation on the absorber.arrow_forward
- In the laboratory, calorimetry can be used to determine the latent heat of fusion of water, LfLf. If an ice cube of mass 30.0g30.0g at 0∘C0∘C is added to a calorimeter cup of mass mc=60.0gmc=60.0g that contains water of mass 170g170g at an initial temperature TiwTiw of 20∘C20∘C, after the ice melts, the final temperature of the water TfwTfw is found to be 5.57∘C5.57∘C. Based on this data, what is the latent heat of fusion of water? The specific heat capacities of water and the calorimeter are 4186J/(kg.K)4186J/(kg.K) and 900J/(kg.K)900J/(kg.K), respectivelyarrow_forwardA vinyl siding panel for a house is installed on a day when thetemperature is 15.6 °C. If the coefficient of thermal expansion forvinyl siding is 55.8 * 10-6K-1, how much room (in mm) shouldthe installer leave for expansion of a 3.66-m length if the sunlittemperature of the siding could reach 48.9 °C?arrow_forwardIn the summer of 1958 in St. Petersburg, Florida, a new sidewalk was poured near the childhood home of one of the authors. No expansion joints were supplied, and by mid-July the sidewalk had been completely destroyed by thermal expansion and had to be replaced, this time with the important addition of expansion joints! This event is modeled here. A slab of concrete 4.00 cm thick, 1.00 m long, and 1.00 m wide is poured for a sidewalk at an ambient temperature of 25.0°C and allowed to set. The slab is exposed to direct sunlight and placed in a series of such slabs without proper expansion joints, so linear expansion is prevented. (a) Using the linear expansion equation (Eq. 10.4), eliminate Δ L from the equation for compressive stress and strain (Eq. 9.3). (b) Use the expression found in part (a) to eliminate Δ T from Equation 11.3, obtaining a symbolic equation for thermal energy transfer Q. (c) Compute the mass of the concrete slab given that its density is 2.40 × 103 kg/m3. (d)…arrow_forward
- Lake Erie contains roughly 4.00 ✕ 1011 m3 of water. How much energy is required to raise the temperature of that volume of water from 18.0°C to 21.0°C? How many years would it take to supply this amount of energy by using the 1,400-MW exhaust energy of an electric power plant?arrow_forwardA sphere of radius 0.500 m, temperature 25.7o C, and emissivity 0.915 is isolated in an environment of temperature 77.0o C. At what rate does the sphere emit thermal radiation? At what rate does the sphere absorb thermal radiation? What is the sphere's net rate of energy exchange?arrow_forwardA concrete highway is built of slabs 18.0 m long (at 18 °C). How wide should the expansion cracks be (at 18 °C) between the slabs to prevent buckling if the annual extreme temperatures are -37 °C and 54 °C?(the coefficient of linear expansion of concrete is 1.20 x 10-5 oc-1)arrow_forward
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