Pearson eText Biology: Science for Life -- Instant Access (Pearson+)
6th Edition
ISBN: 9780135214084
Author: Colleen Belk, Virginia Maier
Publisher: PEARSON+
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Textbook Question
Chapter 20, Problem 1AAATB
Some endurance athletes, such as cyclists, engage in the practice of “blood doping,” in which packed red blood cells are transfused into their bloodstream immediately before an event. How might increasing the volume of red blood cells provide an advantage to an athlete? What do you think could be the risks of this practice?
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Professional cycling has had much difficulty with cheating. Athletes and team doctors have discovered a variety of unnatural and illegal ways to improve sport performance. Cycling is highly aerobic
which means oxygen is required to produce energy. If you have more red blood cells, you can carry more oxygen to working muscles. There are two methods of illegal blood doping to increase the
number of red blood cells.
1. A few weeks before competition you would have some blood removed into a into a bag like when people give blood. You freeze the blood. Your body will pretty quickly replace the blood to normal
levels. Before the race, you thaw and re infuse the blood. Now you (the athlete) have more than normal amounts of red blood cells. You can now carry more oxygen to yoru working muscles and have
an unfair advantage.
2. You can also inject a hormone called erythropoetin (EPO) to stimulate the bone marrow to make more red blood cells.
What two physiological systems are involved in method…
Recently, athletes have begun to take advantage of the benefits of extra red blood cells, in a process known as `` blood doping`` (You can do your own research on it). Two weeks prior to a competition, a blood sample is taken and centrifuged, and the red blood cell component is stored. A few days before the event, the red blood cells are injected into the athlete. Why would athletes remove red blood cells only to return them to their bodies later? What problems could be created.
An example of feedback is seen in blood clotting. Part of the complex biochemical pathway of clotting is the production of an enzyme that forms the
matrix of the blood clot, but also speeds up the production of still more thrombin. That is, it has a self-catalytic, self-accelerating effect, so that once the
clotting process begins, it runs faster and faster until, ideally, bleeding stops. Thus, this positive feedback loop is part of a larger negative feedback loop,
one that is activated by bleeding and ultimately works to stop the bleeding.
So ultimately in keeping homeostasis, which of the following is true:
This is a positive feedback loop
This is a negative feedback loop
Chapter 20 Solutions
Pearson eText Biology: Science for Life -- Instant Access (Pearson+)
Ch. 20 - Describe how contraction of the diaphragm allows...Ch. 20 - Prob. 2LTBCh. 20 - Alveoli are ___________. small air sacs at the...Ch. 20 - Prob. 4LTBCh. 20 - Prob. 5LTBCh. 20 - Prob. 6LTBCh. 20 - Prob. 7LTBCh. 20 - Prob. 8LTBCh. 20 - Heart attacks ___________. are typically caused by...Ch. 20 - Prob. 10LTB
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