Economics (Irwin Economics)
21st Edition
ISBN: 9781259723223
Author: Campbell R. McConnell, Stanley L. Brue, Sean Masaki Flynn Dr.
Publisher: McGraw-Hill Education
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Chapter 20, Problem 1P
To determine
Average tax rate and type of tax system.
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Suppose in Fiscalville there is no tax on the first $10,000 of income, but a 20 percent tax on earnings between $10,001 and $20,000 and a 30 percent tax on income between $20,001 and $30,000. Any income above $30,000 is taxed at 40 percent. If your income is $50,000. what is average tax rate ?
4. Suppose that there are two households in the economy, A and B, that they face the same wage rate w, and that the government initially uses a proportional income tax according to which each household must pay a fraction t of its labor income as income tax. Assume that given this tax scheme household A chooses to work full time while household B chooses to work part time. Now suppose that the government is interesting in studying the impact of changing the tax system to a progressive tax system where the household work- ing full time would pay a tax rate th >t while the household working part time would pay a rate ti < t.
(a) Draw a graph of the impact of this change on the budget constraint that households face with the two different tax systems.
(b) What would such a change in the tax system imply for the optimal choice of the two households?
What is meant by a progressive tax? A regressive tax? A proportional tax? Comment on the progressivity or regressivity of each of the following taxes, indicating in each case where you think the tax incidence lies: (a) the Federal personal income tax; (b) a 4 percent state general sales tax; (c ) a Federal excise tax on automobile tires; (d) a municipal property tax on real estate; (e) the Federal corporate income tax; (f ) the portion of the payroll tax levied on employers.
Chapter 20 Solutions
Economics (Irwin Economics)
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- Suppose that gifts were taxed at a rate of 10 for amounts up to 100,000 and 20 for anything over that amount. Would this tax be regressive or progressive?arrow_forwardSuppose demand and supply are given by: (LO3, LO4)Qx d = 14 − 1/2Px and Qx s = 1/4Px − 1c. How much tax revenue does the government earn with the $12 tax when the new equilibrium quantity is 2 units after tax .arrow_forwardSuppose taxes are related to income as follows: Income Taxes $1,000 $200 $2,000 $350 $3,000 $450 a. What percentage of income is paid in taxes at each level? b. Is the tax rate progressive, proportional, or regressive? c. What is the marginal tax rate on the first $1,000 of income? The second $1,000? The third $1,000?arrow_forward
- Suppose in Fiscalville there is no tax on the first $10,000 of income, but a 20 percent tax on earnings between $10,001 and $20,000 and a 30 percent tax on income between $20,001 and $30,000. Any income above $30,000 is taxed at 40 percent. If your income is $50,000, how much will you pay in taxesarrow_forwardSuppose a tax is such that an individual with an income of $10,000 pays $2,000 of tax, a person with an income of $20,000 pays $3,000 of tax, a person with an income of $30,000 pays $4,000 of tax, and so forth. What is each person’s average tax rate? Is this tax regressive, proportional, or progressive?arrow_forwardSuppose there is a bill to increase the tax on cigarettes by $1 per pack coupled with an income tax cut of $500. Suppose a person smokes an average of 500 packs of cigarettes per year—and would thus face a tax increase of about $500 per year from the cigarette tax at the person’s current level of consumption. The income tax measure would increase the person’s after-tax income by $500. Would the combined measures be likely to have any effect on the person’s consumption of cigarettes? Why or why not?arrow_forward
- Assume that the federal government replaces the federal income tax with a national sales tax on all consumption expenditures. Analyze the impact of this tax change on taxation efficiency and equity? Note that the federal government already collects a nationwide consumption tax through excise taxes on gasoline, liquor and tobacco.arrow_forwardSuppose in Fiscalville there is no tax on the first $10,000 of income, but a 20 percent tax on earnings between $10,000 and $20,000 and a 30 percent tax on income between $20,000 and $30,000. Any income above $30,000 is taxed at 40 percent. If your income is $50,000, how much will you pay in taxes? Determine your marginal and average tax rates. Is this a progressive tax?arrow_forwardExplain how automatic stabilizers work, both on the taxation side and on the spending side, first in a situation where the economy is producing less than potential GDP and then in a situation where the economy Is producing more than potential GDP.arrow_forward
- What would happen if expansionary fiscal policy was implemented in a recession but, due to lag, did not actually take effect until after the economy was back to potential GDP?arrow_forward1. Consider an economy with the initial equilibrium income level of $1000 and the consumption function of C = $150 + 0.6 (Y - T). Find the following quantities:a. Government expenditures at the equilibrium level of income if T = $160 and I = $100.b. The change in income produced by increasing taxes 10%, provided that G and I remain unchanged. What is the tax multiplier?c. The change in income produced by increasing government expenditures 10%, provided that T and I remain unchanged. What is the government spending multiplier?d. Based on your answers to (b) and (c), does the balanced budget multiplier theorem hold?arrow_forwardNow suppose that the gross national debt initially is equal to $2.5 trillion and the federal government then runs a deficit of $100 billion. What is the new level of gross national debt? If 100 percent of this deficit is financed by the sale of securities to the public, what happens to the level of debt held by the public? What happens to the level of gross debt? 3. If GDP increases by 6 percent in the same year as the deficit is run, what happens to the gross debt as a percentage of GDP? What happens to the level of debt held by the public as a percentage of GDP?arrow_forward
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