Economics (Irwin Economics)
21st Edition
ISBN: 9781259723223
Author: Campbell R. McConnell, Stanley L. Brue, Sean Masaki Flynn Dr.
Publisher: McGraw-Hill Education
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Question
Chapter 20, Problem 2DQ
To determine
The exhaustive and the non-exhaustive expenditure.
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Suppose that the investment demand curve in a certain economy is such that investment declines by $110 billion for every 1 percentage point increase in the real interest rate. Also, suppose that the investment demand curve shifts rightward by $170 billion at each real interest rate for every 1 percentage point increase in the expected rate of return from investment. If stimulus spending (an expansionary fiscal policy) by government increases the real interest rate by 2 percentage points, but also raises the expected rate of return on investment by 1 percentage point, how much investment, if any, will be crowded out?
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Create three diagrams for the aggregate expenditures (AE) model for a public closed economy by adding different taxes. For the Diagram #1 suppose: Autonomous Expenditures: $6000; MPC: 0.75 Taxes: $1500;Potential Output: $16500For the Diagram #2 suppose: Autonomous Expenditures: $ 6000; MPC: 0.75;Taxes: $3000;Potential Output: $16500For the Diagram #3 suppose: Autonomous Expenditures: $6000; MPC: 0.75; Taxes: $2500Potential Output: $16500Explain each diagram by determining economic gaps and/or equilibriums. How does an increase in taxes affect GDP? How does a decrease in taxes affect GDP?
Suppose the federal government gives taxpayers a tax cut financed by borrowing. If taxpayers their debts, total spending will: O decrease. O first increase and then decrease. O increase. O remain unchanged.
Chapter 20 Solutions
Economics (Irwin Economics)
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- 10. A decrease in Federal government taxes would: O. decrease in consumption and savings O. decrease transfers and government purchases O. increase in consumption and savings O. decrease importsarrow_forward5. Suppose the interest rate on a taxable corporate bond is 7 percent while a municipal, tax exempt bond has an interest rate of 5 percent, and they are similar in every other way.a. Assuming the income tax rate is 30 percent, calculate the after tax interest rate on the corporate bond. Is it higher or lower than the after tax return on the municipal bond?b. What is the income tax rate that equalizes the after tax return between the corporate bond and the municipal bond.arrow_forwardGiven the following information about each economy , either calculate the missing variable or determine that it cannot be calculated . [LO 7.2,7.3] a. If C=\$20.1 billion, I=\$3.5 billion G=\$5.2 billion, and NX=-\$1 billion, what is total income ? b. If total income is $1 trillion G=\$0.3 tr trillion , and C=\$0.5 trillion , what is I? c. If total expenditure is $675 billion, C=\$433 billion , I = $105 billion , and G=\$75 billion , what is NX ? How much are exports ? How much are imports?arrow_forward
- 7 Suppose a closed economy with no government spending which in equilibrium is producing an output and income of 1100. Suppose also that the marginal propensity to consume is 0.80, and that, if at full employment, the economy would produce an output and income of 3850 By how much would the government need to cut taxes (T) to bring the economy to full employment? (round your answer to the nearest whole value)arrow_forwardCrusoe will live this period and the next period as the lone inhabitant of his island. His only income is a crop of 100 coconuts that he harvests at the begin- ning of each period. Coconuts not consumed in the current period spoil at the rate of 10 percent per period. (LO5) a. Draw Crusoe’s intertemporal budget constraint. What will be his consump- tion in each period if he regards future consumption as a perfect, one-for- one substitute for current consumption? b. What will he consume each period if he regards 0.8 unit of future consump- tion as being worth 1 unit of current consumption?arrow_forward3. a. Suppose that in a year when GDP is rising rapidly you also observe theGovernment budget balance increasing. How can you explain this correlation? b. Now suppose instead that in a year when GDP is rising rapidly you also observethe Government budget balance decreasing. How can you explain this correlation?arrow_forward
- A. Calculate the levels of consumption and savings that occurs when the economy is in equilibrium. B. Computer the government budget deficit in this economy. C. If government spending in banana land increases by $1000 what is the amount of the increase in equilibrium output? D. If taxes in banana land decrease by $1000 what is the new equilibrium output in this economy? E. To keep the government budget balanced, of both government spending and taxes in banana land increase by $1000 what is the change in equilibrium income level?arrow_forwardIf the government were to try to offset surplus years with deficit years over the business cycle, this would result in O A. a reduction in investment capital. O B. a higher debt-to-GDP ratio. OC. an annually balanced budget. O D. a structurally balanced budget. O E. a cyclically balanced budget.arrow_forwardThis problem gets at the question of whether a government can run a budget deficit forever. For a government to avoid defaulting on its debt, it has to ensure its Debt/GDP ratio doesn’t get too big. Assume that ratio is not too big in the US right now, even though it’s about 100%.a) US nominal GDP has been rising by about 4% in recent years. Assume that continues. How much can US government debt rise each year in percent and keep the Debt/GDP ratio constant? b) If US government debt equaled $23 trillion at the start of this year, how big of a budget deficit could the US government run in dollars this year and still keep its Debt/GDP ratio constant?arrow_forward
- 6 Suppose a closed economy with no government spending or taxing initially. Suppose also that intended investment is equal to 100 and the aggregate consumption function is given by C = 250 + 0.75Y. And suppose that, if at full employment, the economy would produce an output and income of 3500 By how much would the government need to raise spending (G) to bring the economy to full employment? (round your answer to the nearest whole value)arrow_forward#wk4-10 Suppose that the investment demand curve in a certain economy is such that investment declines by $120 billion for every 1 percentage point increase in the real interest rate. Also, suppose that the investment demand curve shifts rightward by $170 billion at each real interest rate for every 1 percentage point increase in the expected rate of return from investment.If stimulus spending (an expansionary fiscal policy) by government increases the real interest rate by 2 percentage points, but also raises the expected rate of return on investment by 1 percentage point, how much investment, if any, will be crowded out?$ billionarrow_forward2. Suppose the economy is in recession. Policymakers estimate that aggregate demand is$100 billion short of the amount necessary to generate the long run natural rate of output.That is, if aggregate demand were shifted to the right by $100 billion, the economy would be inlong run equilibrium.a. Explain the impact on the economy if the government chooses to use fiscal policy to stabilizethe economy and the marginal propensity to consume (MPC) is given as 0.75 with no crowdingout.b. If there is a crowding out effect and investment is very sensitive to changes in the interest rate,should the government increase spending more or less than this amount?arrow_forward
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