BIOLOGY VOL. II
16th Edition
ISBN: 9781308795317
Author: Raven
Publisher: Mcgraw-Hill/Create
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Chapter 20, Problem 1S
In Trinidadian guppies a combination of elegant laboratory and field experiments builds a very compelling case for predator-induced evolutionary changes in color and life history traits. It is still possible, although not likely, that there are other differences between the sites above and below the falls aside from whether predators are present. What additional studies could strengthen the interpretation of the results?
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Students have asked these similar questions
Results of a study on local adaptation of color patterns in snakes show the
frequency of different color patterns of water snakes of Lake Erie (Nerodia sipedon)
found on the mainland shores and scattered islands within the lake. Type A snakes
are unbanded, Type D is strongly banded, and Types B and C are intermediates.
Given that natural selection favors unbanded snakes on the islands, how can you
account for the presence/perpetuation of banded snakes on the islands?
100
Percentage
80 N=63
60
40
20
0
ABCD
Ontario
mainland
N=64
A B C D
Peninsular
mainland
N=16
ABCD
Kelleys Island
N= 214
A B C D
Bass complex
islands
N=188
L
ABCD
Middle and Pelee
islands
O Natural selection favors unbanded snakes on the mainland.
O Snakes on the islands represent a case of the so-called founder effect.
O Natural selection favors banded snakes on the mainland, which occasionally migrate to the
islands.
O Mutation rates converting unbanded alleles to a banded form operate at high frequencies
on islands.
You want to distinguish between two hypotheses to explain the patterns you see:
1) Males not feeding the young is an adaptation to dimorphism
2) If males don't feed the young in a species, it will allow them to become brightly colored
To begin to address this question, map the characters changes in dimorphism and males feeding
the young onto each of the trees on the previous page.
CHARACTER
SEXUAL DIMORPHISM
MALES FEED YOUNG
Cassin's Vireo
No
No
Red Fox Sparrow
Cape May Warbler
Cedar Waxwing
Golden-Crowned Kinglet
Pyrrhuloxia
Yes
No
No
No
No
Yes
No
Yes
Yes
No
California Gull
No
Yes
Note: This data is fictional
5) Which of the hypotheses in part 4 is consistent with your analysis? Explain why in a brief paragraph.
Answer the following:
This spectacular animal is a Lesser Bird of Paradise, Paradisea minor, from the highlands of Papua New Guinea. In the context of various evolutionary phenomena, why do you suppose:
(a) This bird is confined to New Guinea and two nearby islands? Why would you not expect to find it in the mountains of Borneo? Explain in detail.
(b) This spectacular tail presumably attracts predators; why hasn't natural selection acted to reduce it or camouflage it? Explain in detail.
Chapter 20 Solutions
BIOLOGY VOL. II
Ch. 20 - Assortative mating a. affects genotype frequencies...Ch. 20 - When the environment changes from year to year and...Ch. 20 - Many factors can limit the ability of natural...Ch. 20 - Stabilizing selection differs from directional...Ch. 20 - Founder effects and bottlenecks are a. expected...Ch. 20 - Relative fitness a. refers to the survival rate of...Ch. 20 - For natural selection to result in evolutionary...Ch. 20 - In a population of red (dominant allele) or white...Ch. 20 - Genetic drift and natural selection can both lead...Ch. 20 - Prob. 3A
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