1.
Economic Order Quantity (EOQ):
Economic order quantity is the quantity of order that is purchased from supplier at a time, the EOQ aim is to reduce the carrying and ordering cost of inventory. EOQ is also referred as the optimum level of lot size.
Safety Stock:
Safety stock is that type of stock which a company always store to meet the uncertainties seen in the future. The company always maintains this type of stock so that the demand of customer will be fulfilled and company will retain the customer.
To calculate: The optimum number of motors per order using EOQ model.
2.
To compute: The reorder point
3.
To compute: The safety stock also explains the effect of safety stock on reorder point and on reorder quantity.
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Chapter 20 Solutions
HORNGRENS COST ACCOUNTING W/ACCESS
- Refer to Cornerstone Exercise 3.4 for data on Dohini Manufacturing Companys purchasing cost and number of purchase orders. The controller for Dohini Manufacturing ran regression on the data, and the coefficients shown by the regression program are: Required: 1. Construct the cost formula for the purchasing activity showing the fixed cost and the variable rate. 2. If Dohini Manufacturing Company estimates that next month will have 430 purchase orders, what is the total estimated purchasing cost for that month? (Round your answer to the nearest dollar.) 3. What if Dohini Manufacturing wants to estimate purchasing cost for the coming year and expects 5,340 purchase orders? What will estimated total purchasing cost be? (Round your answer to the nearest dollar.) What is the total fixed purchasing cost? Why doesnt it equal the fixed cost calculated in Requirement 1?arrow_forwardNico Parts, Inc., produces electronic products with short life cycles (of less than two years). Development has to be rapid, and the profitability of the products is tied strongly to the ability to find designs that will keep production and logistics costs low. Recently, management has also decided that post-purchase costs are important in design decisions. Last month, a proposal for a new product was presented to management. The total market was projected at 200,000 units (for the two-year period). The proposed selling price was 130 per unit. At this price, market share was expected to be 25 percent. The manufacturing and logistics costs were estimated to be 120 per unit. Upon reviewing the projected figures, Brian Metcalf, president of Nico, called in his chief design engineer, Mark Williams, and his marketing manager, Cathy McCourt. The following conversation was recorded: BRIAN: Mark, as you know, we agreed that a profit of 15 per unit is needed for this new product. Also, as I look at the projected market share, 25 percent isnt acceptable. Total profits need to be increased. Cathy, what suggestions do you have? CATHY: Simple. Decrease the selling price to 125 and we expand our market share to 35 percent. To increase total profits, however, we need some cost reductions as well. BRIAN: Youre right. However, keep in mind that I do not want to earn a profit that is less than 15 per unit. MARK: Does that 15 per unit factor in preproduction costs? You know we have already spent 100,000 on developing this product. To lower costs will require more expenditure on development. BRIAN: Good point. No, the projected cost of 120 does not include the 100,000 we have already spent. I do want a design that will provide a 15-per-unit profit, including consideration of preproduction costs. CATHY: I might mention that post-purchase costs are important as well. The current design will impose about 10 per unit for using, maintaining, and disposing our product. Thats about the same as our competitors. If we can reduce that cost to about 5 per unit by designing a better product, we could probably capture about 50 percent of the market. I have just completed a marketing survey at Marks request and have found out that the current design has two features not valued by potential customers. These two features have a projected cost of 6 per unit. However, the price consumers are willing to pay for the product is the same with or without the features. Required: 1. Calculate the target cost associated with the initial 25 percent market share. Does the initial design meet this target? Now calculate the total life-cycle profit that the current (initial) design offers (including preproduction costs). 2. Assume that the two features that are apparently not valued by consumers will be eliminated. Also assume that the selling price is lowered to 125. a. Calculate the target cost for the 125 price and 35 percent market share. b. How much more cost reduction is needed? c. What are the total life-cycle profits now projected for the new product? d. Describe the three general approaches that Nico can take to reduce the projected cost to this new target. Of the three approaches, which is likely to produce the most reduction? 3. Suppose that the Engineering Department has two new designs: Design A and Design B. Both designs eliminate the two nonvalued features. Both designs also reduce production and logistics costs by an additional 8 per unit. Design A, however, leaves post-purchase costs at 10 per unit, while Design B reduces post-purchase costs to 4 per unit. Developing and testing Design A costs an additional 150,000, while Design B costs an additional 300,000. Assuming a price of 125, calculate the total life-cycle profits under each design. Which would you choose? Explain. What if the design you chose cost an additional 500,000 instead of 150,000 or 300,000? Would this have changed your decision? 4. Refer to Requirement 3. For every extra dollar spent on preproduction activities, how much benefit was generated? What does this say about the importance of knowing the linkages between preproduction activities and later activities?arrow_forwardVariety Artisans has a bottleneck in their production that occurs within the engraving department. Arjun Naipul, the COO, is considering hiring an extra worker, whose salary will be $45,000 per year, to solve the problem. With this extra worker, the company could produce and sell 3,500 more units per year. Currently, the selling price per unit is $18 and the cost per unit is $5.85. Using the information provided, calculate the annual financial impact of hiring the extra worker.arrow_forward
- A manufacturer occasionally needs a component in the manufacture of certain products. Its cost per startup is $125 and the cost of holding a component in stock is $1.65 per week. The gross needs for the next few weeks are as follows: Week 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Raw needs 0 40 20 100 20 0 20 80 Knowing that the manufacturing time is one week and that there is no stock available, determine the planned receptions and launches as well as the total costs if the manufacturer decides to use: The economical quantity method to order The Fixed Interval Method The subdivision piece periodarrow_forwardYou have been hired as a financial manager by Alpha Company which sells 2,700 of car batteries per year, and places orders for 600 of metals. The Company has no safety stocks. Moreover, the financial analyst estimates a 50% probability of no shortages in each cycle, and the likelihood of inventory shortages of 10, 20, and 30 units as 0.25, 0.15, and 0.10 respectively. The carrying cost per unit per year is $2. The stockout cost is $5, What is the optimal level of safety stock should you recommend? You plan to consider safety stock of 0, 10, 20, and 30 unitsarrow_forwardHarrowing Company has the following information: Annual demand =3,500 units Order size = 500 units Ordering cost per order =$400 Carryingcosts per unit for one year =$40 Lead time (maximum 20 days)=10days Maximumd use =25 units Work year =250days Required: a.Determine the economic order quantity for Harrowing b. Determine the reorder point. c. What is the safety stock needed to prevent stockouts?arrow_forward
- Thomas' Bike Shop stocks a high-volume item that has a normally distributed demand during lead time. The average daily demand is 100 units, the lead time is 4 days, and the standard deviation of demand of 20 units. What should the reorder point be to satisfy a 90% service level to Thomas? Suppose Thomas decides to cut back on safety stock by 40%, what would be his new service probability?arrow_forwardDivine Electronics Ltd. manufactures a line of headphones. Sales are increasing, and management is concerned that the company may not have sufficient capacity to meet the expected demand for the coming year. The following data are available for planning purposes: Product Estimated Demand Next Year Selling Price Direct Materials Direct Labour 1 Wire 78,000 $25.00 $7.30 $5.00 2 Wire 75,000 20.00 10.20 3.20 3 Wire 115,000 17.50 2.80 5.00 The following additional information is available: 1. With the strong competition, the company feels that it can't increase its selling prices above those indicated 2. The direct labour rate is $10 per hour; this rate is expected to remain unchanged during the coming year. 3. Fixed manufacturing costs total $640,000 per year. Variable manufacturing overhead costs are equal to 25% of the direct labour costs. 4. The company's plant has a capacity of 110,000 direct labour-hours per…arrow_forwardRequirements: What is the margin of safety as percentage and in unit? Assume that next month management wants the company to earn a profit of $80,000. How many units will have to be sold to meet the target profit?arrow_forward
- Caroline, the owner of Caroline’s Boutique, estimates that she will sell P300,000 worth of certain decorator table this year (P5,000/unit). Her accountants have determined that ordering costs amount to P1,250 per order and that carrying cost to 30% of average inventory. a.What is the optimum number of orders per year? b.How much is the optimum peso per order? c.What is the optimum number of units per order?arrow_forwardArcadia Windings is concerned about its stocks of copper cable. The demand for this is 8,000 meters a week, with a cost of £ 4 a meter. Each order costs £ 350 for administration and £ 550 for delivery, and has a lead time of 8 weeks. Holding costs are about 25 per cent of value held a year, and any shortages would disrupt production and give very high costs. What is the best inventory policy for the cable? How does this compare with the current policy of placing a regular order every week?arrow_forwardItem X is a standard item stocked in a company's inventory of component parts. Each year the firm, on a random basis, uses about 1,700 of item X, which costs $25 each. Storage costs, which include insurance and cost of capital, amount to $4 per unit of average inventory. Every time an order is placed for more of item X, it costs $22.a. Whenever item X is ordered, what should the order size be? (Round your answer to the nearest whole number.) b. What is the annual cost for ordering item X? (Round your answer to 2 decimal places. Round your intermediate calculation.)c. What is the annual cost for storing item X? (Round your answer to 2 decimal places. Round your intermediate calculation.)arrow_forward
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