For the following two reactions
the first reaction has a lower value of
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Chapter 20 Solutions
Student Solutions Manual for Ball's Physical Chemistry, 2nd
- Silicon forms a series of compounds analogous to the al-kanes and having the general formula SinH2n+2. The first of these compounds is silane, SiH4, which is used in the electronics industry to produce thin ultrapure silicon films. SiH4(g) is somewhat difficult to work with because it is py-ropboric at room temperature—meaning that it bursts into flame spontaneously when exposed to air. (a) Write an equation for the combustion of SiH4(g). (The reaction is analogous to hydrocarbon combustion, and SiO2 is a solid under standard conditions. Assume the water produced will be a gas.) (b) Use the data from Appendix E to calculate ? for this reaction. (c) Calculate G and show that the reaction is spontaneous at 25°C. (d) Compare G for this reaction to the combustion of methane. (See the previous problem.) Are the reactions in these two exercises enthalpy or entropy driven? Explain.arrow_forwardOne of the components of polluted air is NO. It is formed in the high-temperature environment of internal combustion engines by the following reaction: N2(g)+O2(g)2NO(g)H=180KJ Why are high temperatures needed to convert N2 and O2 to NO?arrow_forwardDetermine rxnH 25 C for the following reaction: NO g O2 g NO2 g This reaction is a major participant in the formation of smog.arrow_forward
- The following equation represents a reversible decomposition: CaCO3(s)CaO(s)+CO2(g) Under what conditions will decomposition in a closed container proceed to completion so that no CaCO3 remains?arrow_forwardMonochloroethane (C2H5Cl) can be produced by the direct reaction of ethane gas (C2H6) with chlorine gas or by the reaction of ethylene gas (C2H4) with hydrogen chloride gas. The second reaction gives almost a 100% yield of pure C2H5Cl at a rapid rate without catalysis. The first method requires light as an energy source or the reaction would not occur. Yet G for the first reaction is considerably more negative than G for the second reaction. Explain how this can be so.arrow_forwardConsider the reaction H2(g)+Br2(g)2HBr(g) where H = 103.8 kJ/mol. In a particular experiment, equal moles of H2(g) at 1.00 atm and Br2(g) at 1.00 atm were mixed in a 1.00-L flask at 25C and allowed to reach equilibrium. Then the molecules of H2 at equilibrium were counted using a very sensitive technique, and 1.10 1013 molecules were found. For this reaction, calculate the values of K, G, and S.arrow_forward
- The reaction of carbon monoxide with hydrogen to form methanol is quite slow at room temperature. As a general rule, reactions go faster at higher temperatures. Suppose that you tried to speed up this reaction by increasing the temperature. (a) Assuming that rH does not change very much as the temperature changes, what effect would increasing the temperature have on rSsurroundings? (b) Assuming that rS for a reaction System does not change much as the temperature changes, what effect would increasing the temperature have on rSuniverse?arrow_forwardFor the following reactions at constant pressure, choose the correct relationship between AH and AE. 2HF(g) → H2(g) + F2(g) ΔΗ>ΔΕ ΔΗ ΔΕ Ο ΔΗ ΔΕ ΔΗ<ΔΕ ΔΗ-ΔΕ depends on the conditionsarrow_forwardPlease provide explaarrow_forward
- The following reversible enzymatic reaction occurs in many areas of the body, but especially in red blood cells. The conversion of water and carbon dioxide into bicarbonate and hydrogen ions occurs through the action of an enzyme called carbonic anhydrase. Use the Law of Mass Action to predict which direction this equation will go under different circumstances. CO2 + H2O ↔ H+ + HCO3- Hyperventilating would increase the loss of carbon dioxide (CO2) from the blood. In what direction would the reaction above go in order to restore equilibrium? Left or right?arrow_forwardConsider the reaction Ni(s) + 4 CO(g) → Ni(CO)4(g). At 30°C and Poo 1 atm, Ni reacts with CO(g) to form Ni(CO)4 (g). At 200°C, Ni(CO)4(g) decomposes to Ni(s) and CO(g). This means F 1. the forward reaction is endothermic. 2. a decrease in pressure favors the forward re- action. 3. the activation energy for the forward reaction is greater than for the reverse reaction. 4. K at 30°C is greater than K at 200°C. 5. adding an inert gas like argon favors the for- ward reaction.arrow_forwardIn a study of the chemistry of glass etching, an inorganic chemist examines the reaction between sand(SiO2) and hydrogen fluoride, (HF) at a temperature of 150oC (above the boiling point of water).SiO2(s) + 4HF(g) → SiF4(g) + 2H2O(g)b) Predict the effect on the concentration of SiF4 when the following conditions are examined whilethe reaction temperature is kept constant. Give an explanation for your prediction.1) Some H2O is removed.2) Some liquid water is added.3) Some HF is removed.4) Some SiO2 is added.arrow_forward
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