COLLEGE PHYSICS
2nd Edition
ISBN: 9781711470832
Author: OpenStax
Publisher: XANEDU
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Chapter 20, Problem 30CQ
To determine
ToDescribe:
The function of the Coulomb force and the Concentration gradient present in the cell.
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Students have asked these similar questions
Assume an axon has the same characteristics as the class example
except the radius of the axon is 0.005 mm and the membrane
thickness is 20.0 nm. The percentage fractional change in the
concentration of Na+ ions in the axon during one action potential is
%? Record the answer to the nearest one
thousandth.
If the distance between the two sides of the phospholipid bilayer were to increase by 4-fold, what would happen to the capacitance of the membrane?
Increase 4-fold
Increase 8-fold
It would be 1/4
It would be 1/8
12. (a) Using Eq. AQ=CAV and the data in the Table, calculate the number of ions entering the axon during
the action potential, per meter of nonmyelinated axon length. (The charge on the ion is 1.6 x 10-19 coulomb.)
(b) During the resting state of the axon, typical concentrations of sodium and potassium ions inside the axon
are 15 and 150 millimole/liter, respectively. From the data in the Table, calculate the number of ions per
meter length of the axon.
Table 13.1 Properties of Sample Axons
Hint:
1 F (farad) = 1coulomb/1 volt
Property
Nonmyelinated axon
Myelinated axon
Axon radius
5 x 10-m
5 x 10-6 m
1 mole /liter = 6.02 x 1020 particles (ions, atoms, etc. ) Resistance per unit length of fluid
cm
6.37 x 10°2/m
6.37 x 10°2/m
both inside and outside axon (r)
Conductivity per unit length of
axon membrane (gm)
1.25 x 10-4 mho/m
In the resting state, the axon voltage is -70mV.
During the pulse, the voltage changes to about
+30mV, resulting in a net voltage change across
the membrane of 100…
Chapter 20 Solutions
COLLEGE PHYSICS
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- Note that in Figure 20.28, both the concentration gradient and the Coulomb force tend to move Na+ ions into the cell. What prevents this? Figure 20.28 The semipermeable membrane of a cell has different concentrations of ions inside and out. Diffusion moves the K+ and Cl ions in the direction shown, until the Coulomb force halts further transfer. This results in a layer of positive charge on the outside, a layer of negative charge on the inside, and thus a voltage across the cell membrane. The membrane is normally impermeable to Na+.arrow_forwardPlease help. The nonpolar core of the membrane of a muscle cell has a thickness d = 4nm and a dielectric constancy k = 20. (a) What is the surface capacity of the membrane? Express your response in microcoulombs per square centimeter. (b) During muscle contraction, the internal potential of the cell increases by about 100 mV. For 1 cm2 of membrane, how many Na+ ions must have entered the cell for this purpose? (c) The medium outside the cell initially contains 0.150 mol / L of Na + ions in solution. Considering that it extends to 1 µm from the cell, what is the decrease in Na+ concentration immediately after the change in potential? (d) Estimate the number of times the process can be repeated before the Na+ ion reserve is exhausted. Please show formulas ans steps for my own understandingarrow_forwarda) How does voltage change over distance from the stimulator on the artificial axon? AND why does this occur? (Think: where is the current going?) b) How and why are neurons affected by the addition of myelin (think membrane resistance, capacitance, and the length constant)?arrow_forward
- Assume the axon had a diameter of 30 um and was 5 cm long. The capacitance of this axon would bearrow_forwardAssume a length of axon membrane of about 0.10 m is excited by an action potential (length excited = nerve speed x pulse duration equal and opposite charge of negative organic ions, as shown in the figure below. Model the axon as a parallel-plate capacitor and take C = K² A/d and Q radius r = 1.6 × 10¹ μm, and cell-wall dielectric constant x = 2.9. = Positive charge layer Negative charge layer + External fluid Axon wall membrane No Axon radius = r + Internal fluid + How many sodium ions (Na+) is this? Na+ ions d + (a) Calculate the positive charge on the outside of a 0.10-m piece of axon when it is not conducting an electric pulse. (Assume an initial potential difference of 7.0 × 10-² V.) -2 9.03E-10 C How many K+ ions are on the outside of the axon assuming an initial potential difference of 7.0 × 10-² V? 5.639E9 K+ ions = 50.0 m/s X 0.0020 s = 0.10 m). In the resting state, the outer surface of the axon wall is charged positively with K+ ions and the inner wall CAV to investigate the…arrow_forwardFind the radius of the unmyelinated axon (m) with space parameter A = 14 mm, (Resistance of a unit area of the membrane, Rm =0.2 Q.m², Resistivity of axoplasm, p, =2 Q.m). A. 0.00392 B. 0.01568 C. None D. 0.02352 E. 0.00784arrow_forward
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