BROOKER BIOLOGY
5th Edition
ISBN: 9781307656152
Author: BROOKER
Publisher: MCG/CREATE
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Chapter 20, Problem 3CQ
Summary Introduction
To determine: The way in which the maternal effect genes, segmentation genes and homeotic genes control the process of development in animals.
Introduction: Regulation of genes is an important part of the expression of genes and is the reason why different genes are expressed differently in different organisms. The homeotic genes, segmentation genes and maternal effect genes help in the regulation of morphological features of the organism through certain transcriptional factors.
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Give examples of genes that affect development in fruit flies by regulating gene expression at the level of (a) transcription and (b) translation.
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Another way to study the role of proteins (e.g., transcription factors) that function in development is to microinject the mRNA that encodes a protein, or the purified protein itself, into an oocyte or embryo, and then determine how this affects the subsequent development of the embryo, larva, and adult. For example, if Bicoid protein is injected into the posterior region of an oocyte, the resulting embryo will develop into a larva that has anterior structures at both ends. Based on your understanding of the function of each developmental gene, what would be the predicted phenotype if the following proteins or mRNAs were injected into normal oocytes?
A. Nanos mRNA injected into the anterior end of an oocyte
B. Antp protein injected into the posterior end of an embryo
C. Toll mRNA injected into the dorsal side of an early embryo
Chapter 20 Solutions
BROOKER BIOLOGY
Ch. 20.1 - 20.1 General Themes in Development Concept Check:...Ch. 20.1 - Prob. 2CCCh. 20.1 - Prob. 1CSCh. 20.2 - Development in Animals I: Pattern Formation...Ch. 20.2 - Development in Animals I: Pattern Formation...Ch. 20.2 - Prob. 3CCCh. 20.2 - Core Skill: Modeling The goal of this modeling...Ch. 20.2 - Development in Animals I: Pattern Formation Core...Ch. 20.3 - Development in Animals II: Cell Differentiation...Ch. 20.3 - Development in Animals II: Cell Differentiation...
Ch. 20.3 - Development in Animals II: Cell Differentiation...Ch. 20.3 - Development in Animals II: Cell Differentiation...Ch. 20.3 - Development in Animals II: Cell Differentiation...Ch. 20.4 - Development in Plants Concept Check: Where are...Ch. 20.4 - Prob. 2CCCh. 20 - The process whereby a cells morphology and...Ch. 20 - Prob. 2TYCh. 20 - Positional information is important in determining...Ch. 20 - Morphogens are a. molecules that disrupt normal...Ch. 20 - Prob. 5TYCh. 20 - Arrange the following phases of pattern formation...Ch. 20 - Prob. 7TYCh. 20 - Which of the following genes do not play a role in...Ch. 20 - An embryonic stem cell that can give rise to any...Ch. 20 - Prob. 10TYCh. 20 - Prob. 1CQCh. 20 - The MyoD gene in mammals plays a role in muscle...Ch. 20 - Prob. 3CQCh. 20 - Prob. 1COQCh. 20 - Is it possible for a phenotypically normal female...
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- provide one example from the Drosophila AP toolkit for "Toolkit genes can be classified according to the phenotypes caused by their mutation. Similar mutant phenotypes often reflect genes that function in a single developmental pathway. Distinct pathways exist for the generation of body axes, for example, and for the formation and identity of fields."arrow_forwardWhich of the following is an example of conditional specification? Multiple Drosophila nuclei division without cellularization of blastomeres Destroying one half of a 2 cell stage Xenopus embryo and subsequent loss of half the embryological structures Separation of sea urchin blastomeres resulting in individual pluteus larva development Differentiation concentration of paracrine factors within the embryo cytoplasmarrow_forwardDevelopmental abnormalities can result from: 1. Under expression of some genes 2. All of these choices are correct 3. Inappropriate interaction among gene products that were expressed in the wrong amounts and wrong time 4. Over expression of some genes 5. corrupted timing of the normal time genes are expressedarrow_forward
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