Foundations of Astronomy
13th Edition
ISBN: 9781305079151
Author: Michael A. Seeds, Dana Backman
Publisher: Cengage Learning
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Chapter 20, Problem 3DQ
To determine
The things that can be expected in the surface of a planet on another planetary system when there is oxygen in its atmosphere.
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A new Terrestrial planet has been discovered orbiting a
nearby Sun-like star. Astronomers have obtained spectra
of this planet and determined that the atmosphere is
composed of roughly 99% CO2, and the remaining 1% is
mostly N2 and is very thin compared to Earth's
atmosphere. Briefly describe how the planet could have
developed such an atmosphere.
The fraction of the energy flux received which is reflected into space is the albedo of Venus, av, which is about 0.76. The fraction of the energy flux which is absorbed is then (1-av) = 1. - 0.76 = 0.24. So the amount of energy actually absorbed by Venus in each second is Lv = (1-av)Ev.
Lv = (1-av)Ev = ___________________ ergs/s
And next calculate the effective temperature of Venus:
Tv4 = (Lv/(4pdv2))/s = Lv/(4spdv2) = __________________ K4
and taking the square root of Tv4 twice in succession we get the effective Temperature Tv:
Tv = [Lv/(4spdv2)]0.25 = _________________ K
Calculate Venus' emittance assuming that the Venus' actual temperature, Tvr, is 472o C = 745 K:
ev = Lv/(4pdv2s Tvr4) = __________________ .
100%
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Arlal
12.5
| I1 1 | 2 | 3
3. Fill out this data table with information you have collected about the solar system planets.
Characteristics
Unit
Mercury
Venus
Earth
330
4,870
5,970
Mass
1024 g
61
928
1,083
Volume
1024 cm3
5.4
5.4
50
Density
g/cm3
58
106 km
100
100
Distance from Sun
Radius
km
Crust Thickness
km
Atmosphere Height
km
Chapter 20 Solutions
Foundations of Astronomy
Ch. 20 - Why would you include the Moon in a comparison of...Ch. 20 - Prob. 2RQCh. 20 - Which is the most geologically active Terrestrial...Ch. 20 - In what ways is Earth unique among the Terrestrial...Ch. 20 - Which Terrestrial worlds have thin or no...Ch. 20 - Describe the four stages of Terrestrial planet...Ch. 20 - The Moon did not pass through all of the four...Ch. 20 - Earth shows few craters on its surface. What is...Ch. 20 - How do you know that Earth is differentiated?Ch. 20 - What keeps Earths interior warm today?
Ch. 20 - Lava flows today are examples of basin flooding....Ch. 20 - Describe three forms of erosion that cause slow...Ch. 20 - Prob. 13RQCh. 20 - Which type of seismic wave cannot pass through...Ch. 20 - Prob. 15RQCh. 20 - Which of the five Terrestrial worlds have bow...Ch. 20 - How is the root cause of earthquakes in Hawaii...Ch. 20 - What characteristics must Earths core have to...Ch. 20 - Which of the five Terrestrial worlds have plate...Ch. 20 - Prob. 20RQCh. 20 - How do island chains located in the centers of...Ch. 20 - What evidence can you give that the Atlantic Ocean...Ch. 20 - How are the inferred properties of Earths original...Ch. 20 - Prob. 24RQCh. 20 - Prob. 25RQCh. 20 - Life on Earth exists because of oxygen in Earths...Ch. 20 - Prob. 27RQCh. 20 - Prob. 28RQCh. 20 - Prob. 29RQCh. 20 - Prob. 30RQCh. 20 - Prob. 31RQCh. 20 - Prob. 32RQCh. 20 - Why would a decrease in the density of the ozone...Ch. 20 - How Do We Know? How can the flow of energy out of...Ch. 20 - Prob. 35RQCh. 20 - Prob. 1DQCh. 20 - Prob. 2DQCh. 20 - Prob. 3DQCh. 20 - Prob. 4DQCh. 20 - Prob. 5DQCh. 20 - Prob. 6DQCh. 20 - Look at Figure 19-3. The earthquake occurred 7440...Ch. 20 - Look at Figure 19-3. The lag time is the...Ch. 20 - What percentage of Earths volume is the metallic...Ch. 20 - How many magnetic pole reversals has Earth endured...Ch. 20 - If the Atlantic seafloor is spreading at 3.0...Ch. 20 - The Hawaiian-Emperor chain of undersea volcanoes...Ch. 20 - From Hawaii to the bend in the Hawaiian-Emperor...Ch. 20 - Prob. 9PCh. 20 - Prob. 1LTLCh. 20 - Look at the hemispheres of Earth shown on the two...Ch. 20 - Prob. 3LTLCh. 20 - Look at Figure 19-9. Rising from Earths surface to...Ch. 20 - Prob. 5LTLCh. 20 - What do you see in this photo that suggests heat...
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- Calculate the pressure p of the Venus atmosphere (it consists of CO2 at 477oC) at the height of 1 km from the planet surface, where p0=9.3 MPa. The planet mass is 4.9x1024 kg, its radius is 6050 kmarrow_forwardIf liquid water is rare on the surface of planets, then most Terrestrial planets must have CO₂-rich atmospheres. Why?arrow_forwardFill out this data table with information you have collected about the solar system planets. Characteristics Unit Mercury Venus Earth 330 10 g 4,870 5,970 Mass 61 928 1,083 Volume 1024 cm 5.4 5.4 50 Density g/cm Distance from Sun 58 10° km 100 100 Radius km Crust Thickness km Atmosphere Height km Axial Tilt degrees Force of Gravity on a1 kg test mass N Length of Day 4223 4,223 88 hours 225 365 Length of Orbit Earth days 88 167 464 15 Mean Temperature ° C ТЕВОС Mars Jupiter Saturn Uranus Neptune 102,000 642 | 1,898,000 568.000 86,800arrow_forward
- The mass of the planet is approximately 74.8 times the mass of Jupiter. Calculate the average density of the planet. Give your answer in grams per cubic centimeter.arrow_forwardLook at Figure 21-11. Which molecule(s) can escape from Earths gravity? From Mars? From Venus? Figure 21-11 Loss of atmospheric gases. Dots represent the escape velocity and temperature of various Solar System bodies. The lines represent the typical highest velocities of molecules of various masses. The Jovian planets have high escape velocities and can hold onto even the lowest-mass molecules. Mars can hold only the more massive molecules, and the Moon has such a low escape velocity that even massive molecules can escape.arrow_forwardPlanetary scientists are excited about the possibility that some of the moons in the outer solar system might have a global subsurface ocean of liquid water. It's uncertain whether or not Jupiter's moon Callisto has a subsurface ocean, but some scientists think it might. Let's imagine that a short distance below the surface, Callisto has a water layer 20,000 meters thick. Callisto has a radius of 2.410x106 meters. Earth has a radius of 6.378x106 meters, and its oceans are equivalent to a layer of water 3000 meters thick all over the surface of the planet. Which of the following is an accurate comparison of the Earth’s amount of liquid water with this estimate of the amount of water Callisto might have? Group of answer choices If this scenario is correct, Earth and Callisto have roughly the same amount of liquid water. If these scientists are right, Callisto has about one-sixth as much liquid water as the Earth does. If these scientists are right, Callisto has about 11 times as…arrow_forward
- What is the escape velocity in km/s from Venus' exosphere, which begins about 168 km above the surface? Assume the gravitational constant is G = 6.67 × 10-11 m3 kg-1 s-2, and that Venus has a mass of 4.9e+24 kg and a radius of 5800.0 km.arrow_forwardWhich of these things did the Voyager spacecraft discover about Enceladus in the early 1980s, indicating that it is somewhat unusual among planetary bodies in our solar system? Check the TWO items that apply. a It has a thick atmosphere, made mostly of nitrogen. b It has the darkest, least reflective surface of all the known planetary bodies. c It is the brightest (i.e. most reflective) object in the solar system. d The entire surface is more heavily-cratered than any other body in our solar system. e Its surface is very smooth in some places.arrow_forwardWhat is the escape velocity is km/s from Jupiters exosphere, which begins about 993 km above the surface ? Assume the Gravitational constant is G= 6.67 x10-11m3 kg-1s-2, and that's Jupiter has a mass of 1.8999999999999998e+27kg and a radius of 68.0 x103kmarrow_forward
- We think the terrestrial planets formed around solid “seeds” that later grew over time through the accretion of rocks and metals. a) Suppose the Earth grew to its present size in 1 million years through the accretion of particles averaging 100 grams each. On average, how many particles did the Earth capture per second, given that the mass of the Earth is = 5.972 × 10 ^24 kg ? b) If you stood on Earth during its formation and watched a region covering 100 m^2, how many impacts would you expect to see in one hour. Use the impact rate you calculated in part a. You’ll need the following as well: the radius of the Earth is = 6.371 × 10 ^6 m and the surface area of the Earth is 4??^2Eartharrow_forwardMission to Titan: Titan is the largest of Saturn’s moons and the only moon in the Solar System that possesses a dense atmosphere and large liquid bodies (seas or lakes) at its surface. For these and other reasons, many exobiologists think that Titan is the most likely place in the Solar System beside Earth where life might exist. NASA is considering sending a 600 kg space probe into orbit around Titan in order to map its surface. This would be followed a few years later by a 320 kg robotic lander that would land on the surface of Titan in order to look for life. a) What would be the space probe’s velocity and orbital period if the probe were to orbit at an altitude of 70 km above the surface of Titan? b) What force would the lander’s thrusters need to produce in order to allow the lander to hover just above the surface of Titan.arrow_forwardWhile looking through the Mt. Palomar telescope, you discover a large planetary object orbited by a single moon. The moon orbits the planet every 7.35 hours with the centers of the two objects separated by a distance roughly 2.25 times the radius of the planet. Fellow scientists speculate that the planet is made of mostly iron. In fact, the media has dubbed it the ''Iron Planet'' and NASA has even named it Planet Hephaestus after the Greek god of iron. But you have your doubts. Assuming the planet is spherical and the orbit circular, calculate the density of Planet Hephaestus.arrow_forward
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