BIOLOGY:LIFE ON EARTH-W/ACCESS
11th Edition
ISBN: 9780134669076
Author: Audesirk
Publisher: PEARSON
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Chapter 20, Problem 3FTB
Many prokaryotes use _____ to move about. Some prokaryotes secrete slime that protects them when they aggregate in communities called_______. Other prokaryotes can survive long periods and extreme conditions by producing protective structures called________.
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If all prokaryotes were eliminated from the planeta) animals would thrive because there would be no disease.b) archaea would thrive because there would be no competition for nutrients.c) all animals would die.d) animals and archaea would thrive.
In the domain system of classification, prokaryotes are divided into two domains: Bacteria and Archaea. The two domains differ in all BUT one feature. Which feature do they have in common?
Question options:
They both have identical cell walls.
They both have prokaryotic cells.
They both thrive in extreme environments.
They both are able to live only under anaerobic conditions.
Why are prokaryotes so important?
They are simple in structure and metabolism..
They comprise all single celled life on earth.They perform important functions for humans and other organisms.
They make up a small but very important % of the biomass on earth.
Chapter 20 Solutions
BIOLOGY:LIFE ON EARTH-W/ACCESS
Ch. 20 - The name of the process by which DNA is...Ch. 20 - Prob. 2MCCh. 20 - Prob. 3MCCh. 20 - 4. Viruses
a. are usually...Ch. 20 - Prob. 5MCCh. 20 - _______have peptidoglycan in their _____, but____...Ch. 20 - Prob. 2FTBCh. 20 - 3. Many prokaryotes use _____ to move about. Some...Ch. 20 - _____ bacteria inhabit environments that lack...Ch. 20 - 5. Prokaryotes reproduce by _____and may sometimes...
Ch. 20 - 6. The plant nutrient ammonium is produced by___...Ch. 20 - Prob. 7FTBCh. 20 - A virus consists of a molecule of ____or _____...Ch. 20 - Describe some of the ways in which prokaryotes...Ch. 20 - What are nitrogen-fixing bacteria, and what role...Ch. 20 - Describe some of the extreme environments in which...Ch. 20 - Prob. 4RQCh. 20 - What is conjugation? What role do plasmids play in...Ch. 20 - 6. Why are prokaryotes especially useful in...Ch. 20 - Describe the structure of a typical virus. How do...Ch. 20 - Describe some examples of how prokaryotes are...Ch. 20 - How do archaea and bacteria differ? How do...Ch. 20 - Prob. 1ACCh. 20 - Before the discovery of prions, many (perhaps...
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- Your friend believes that prokaryotes are always detrimental and pathogenic. How would you explain to them that they are wrong? Support your answer with 2 examples? 2. Many people use antimicrobial soap to kill bacteria on their hands. However, overuse may increase the risk of infection. How could this occur? Give at least 2 examples (names) of prokaryotes that we can find in the Dead Sea? . Give other examples (at least 3) of uniquely hostile environments? . What domain of living organisms dominates such environments?arrow_forwardWhich of the following statements is true? A. Archaea and bacteria have identical membrane lipids. B. The cell walls of archaea lack peptidoglycan. C. Prokaryotes have low levels of genetic diversity. D. No archaea are capable of using CO2 to oxidize H2 releasing methane.arrow_forwardWhich of the following are prokaryotic? a. bacteria b. archaea c. protists d. both a and barrow_forward
- Which of these do all prokaryotes and eukaryotes share? a. nuclear envelope b. cell walls c. organelles d. plasma membranearrow_forwardWhich of the following consist of prokaryotic cells? a. bacteria and fungi b. archaea and fungi c. protists and animals d. bacteria and archaeaarrow_forwardThe genus Ferroplasma consists of a few species of acid-loving archaea. One species, F. acidarmanus, was discovered to be the main component of slime streamers (a type of biofilm) deep inside an abandoned California copper mine (Figure 4.11A). F. acidarmanus cells use an ancient energy-harvesting pathway that combines oxygen with ironsulfur compounds in minerals such as pyrite. This reaction dissolves the minerals, so groundwater that seeps into the mine ends up with extremely high concentrations of metal ions such as copper, zinc, cadmium, and arsenic. The reaction also produces sulfuric acid, which lowers the pH of the water around the cells to zero. Despite living in an environment with a composition similar to hot battery acid, F. acidarmanus cells maintain their internal pH at a cozy 5.0. Thus, researchers investigating Ferroplasma metabolic enzymes were surprised to discover that most of the cells enzymes function best at very low pH (Figure 4.11B). A. Deep inside one of the most toxic sites in the United States: Iron Mountain Mine, in California. The water in this stream, which is about 1 meter (3 feet) wide in this photo, is hot (around 40C, or 104F), heavily laden with arsenic and other toxic metals, and has a pH of zero. Slime streamers growing in it are a biofilm dominated by a species of archaea, Ferroplasma acidarmanus. B. pH profiles of four enzymes isolated from F. acidarmus. Researchers had expected these enzymes to function best at the cells cytoplasmic pH (5.0). What does the dashed line signify?arrow_forward
- A prokaryote converts food energy into the chemical energy of ATP on/in its: chromosome. flagella. ribosomes. cell wall. plasma membrane.arrow_forwardProkaryotes that obtain their energy from chemical compounds are called _____. a. photorophs b. auxotrophs c. chemorophs d. lithotrophsarrow_forwardwhich of the following are prokaryotic? a. Bacteria b. protist c. Archea d. both a and c e. all of the above?arrow_forward
- Which of the following statements is not true?(A) Archaea and bacteria have different membrane lipids.(B) The cell walls of archaea lack peptidoglycan.(C) Only bacteria have histones associated with DNA.(D) Only some archaea use CO2 to oxidize H2, releasing methanearrow_forwardA team of scientists study a microorganism that lives in a wetland region. The organism is an obligate anaerobe, and it produces energy using the following reaction: CO2+4H4→CH4+2H2OCO2+4H4→CH4+2H2O In which kingdom does this organism most likely belong? A. Fungi B. Protista C. Archaebacteria D. Eubacteriaarrow_forwardWhat terms would describe a prokaryote that has is covered in a thick peptidoglycan layer, gets its energy from eating other prokaryotes, and does not need oxygen to survive? Aerobic Anaerobic Autotroph Heterotroph Extremophile Gram-positive Gram-negativearrow_forward
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