Physics for Scientists and Engineers with Modern Physics
10th Edition
ISBN: 9781337553292
Author: Raymond A. Serway, John W. Jewett
Publisher: Cengage Learning
expand_more
expand_more
format_list_bulleted
Concept explainers
Question
Chapter 20, Problem 43AP
(a)
To determine
The root mean square speed of the sodium atoms at this temperature.
(b)
To determine
The approximate time interval that would an atom wander out of the trap region if there is no trapping action.
Expert Solution & Answer
Want to see the full answer?
Check out a sample textbook solution
Students have asked these similar questions
The escape speed from the Moon is much smaller than from Earth, around 2.38 km/s.
a) At what temperature, in kelvins, would hydrogen molecules (with molar mass of 2.016 g/mol) have an rms speed equal to the Moon’s escape speed?
At what temperature does the rms speed of (a) H2 (molecular hydrogen) and (b) O2 (molecular oxygen) equal the escape speed from Earth? At what temperature does the rms speed of (c) H2 and (d) O2 equal the escape speed from the Moon (where the gravitational acceleration at the surface has magnitude 0.16g)? Considering the answers to parts (a) and (b), should there be much (e) hydrogen and (f) oxygen high in Earth’s upper atmosphere, where the temperature is about 1000 K?
At what temperature would the rms speed of helium atoms equal (a) the escape speed from Earth, 1.12 x 104 m/s and (b) the escape speed from the Moon, 2.37 x 103 m/s? Note: The mass of a helium atom is 6.64 x 10-27 kg.
Chapter 20 Solutions
Physics for Scientists and Engineers with Modern Physics
Ch. 20.1 - Two containers hold an ideal gas at the same...Ch. 20.2 - (i) How does the internal energy of an ideal gas...Ch. 20.3 - Prob. 20.3QQCh. 20.3 - Prob. 20.4QQCh. 20 - A spherical balloon of volume 4.00 103 cm3...Ch. 20 - A spherical balloon of volume V contains helium at...Ch. 20 - A 2.00-mol sample of oxygen gas is confined to a...Ch. 20 - Prob. 4PCh. 20 - A 5.00-L vessel contains nitrogen gas at 27.0C and...Ch. 20 - Prob. 6P
Ch. 20 - In a period of 1.00 s, 5.00 1023 nitrogen...Ch. 20 - A 7.00-L vessel contains 3.50 moles of gas at a...Ch. 20 - Calculate the change in internal energy of 3.00...Ch. 20 - Prob. 10PCh. 20 - In a constant-volume process, 209 J of energy is...Ch. 20 - A vertical cylinder with a heavy piston contains...Ch. 20 - Prob. 13PCh. 20 - A certain molecule has f degrees of freedom. Show...Ch. 20 - Prob. 15PCh. 20 - Why is the following situation impossible? A team...Ch. 20 - You and your younger brother are designing an air...Ch. 20 - During the compression stroke of a certain...Ch. 20 - Air in a thundercloud expands as it rises. If its...Ch. 20 - Prob. 20PCh. 20 - Air (a diatomic ideal gas) at 27.0C and...Ch. 20 - Prob. 22PCh. 20 - Prob. 23PCh. 20 - Prob. 24PCh. 20 - Prob. 25PCh. 20 - Prob. 26PCh. 20 - Prob. 27APCh. 20 - Prob. 28APCh. 20 - The dimensions of a classroom are 4.20 m 3.00 m ...Ch. 20 - Prob. 30APCh. 20 - The Earths atmosphere consists primarily of oxygen...Ch. 20 - Prob. 32APCh. 20 - Prob. 33APCh. 20 - In a cylinder, a sample of an ideal gas with...Ch. 20 - As a 1.00-mol sample of a monatomic ideal gas...Ch. 20 - Prob. 36APCh. 20 - Prob. 37APCh. 20 - Prob. 38APCh. 20 - Prob. 39APCh. 20 - Prob. 40APCh. 20 - Prob. 41APCh. 20 - On the PV diagram for an ideal gas, one isothermal...Ch. 20 - Prob. 43APCh. 20 - Prob. 44APCh. 20 - Prob. 45CP
Knowledge Booster
Learn more about
Need a deep-dive on the concept behind this application? Look no further. Learn more about this topic, physics and related others by exploring similar questions and additional content below.Similar questions
- Consider the Maxwell-Boltzmann distribution function plotted in Problem 28. For those parameters, determine the rms velocity and the most probable speed, as well as the values of f(v) for each of these values. Compare these values with the graph in Problem 28. 28. Plot the Maxwell-Boltzmann distribution function for a gas composed of nitrogen molecules (N2) at a temperature of 295 K. Identify the points on the curve that have a value of half the maximum value. Estimate these speeds, which represent the range of speeds most of the molecules are likely to have. The mass of a nitrogen molecule is 4.68 1026 kg. Equation 20.18 can be used to find the rms velocity given the temperature, Boltzmanns constant, and the mass of the atom or molecule. The mass of a nitrogen molecule is 4.68 1026 kg. vrms=3kBTm=3(1.381023J/K)4.681026kg=511m/s Using the results of Problem 28 and the rms velocity, we can calculate the value of f(v). f(vrms) = (3.11 108)(511)2 e(5.75106(511)2) = 0.00181 The most probable speed, for which this function has its maximum value, is given by Equation 20.20. vmp=2kBTm=2(1.381023J/K)(295K)4.681026kg=417m/s f(vmp) = (3.11108)(417)2 e(5.75106(417)2) = 0.00199 We plot these points on the speed distribution. The most probable speed is indeed at the peak of the distribution function. Since the function is not symmetric, the rms velocity is somewhat higher than the most probable speed. Figure P20.29ANSarrow_forwardAn ideal gas is contained in a vessel at 300 K. The temperature of the gas is then increased to 900 K. (i) By what factor does the average kinetic energy of the molecules change, (a) a factor of 9, (b) a factor of 3, (c) a factor of 3, (d) a factor of 1, or (e) a factor of 13? Using the same choices as in part (i), by what factor does each of the following change: (ii) the rms molecular speed of the molecules, (iii) the average momentum change that one molecule undergoes in a collision with one particular wall, (iv) the rate of collisions of molecules with walls, and (v) the pressure of the gas?arrow_forwardCylinder A contains oxygen (O2) gas, and cylinder B contains nitrogen (N2) gas. If the molecules in the two cylinders have the same rms speeds, which of the following statements is false? (a) The two gases haw different temperatures. (b) The temperature of cylinder B is less than the temperature of cylinder A. (c) The temperature of cylinder B is greater than the temperature of cylinder A. (d) The average kinetic energy of the nitrogen molecules is less than the average kinetic energy of the oxygen molecules.arrow_forward
- At what temperature is the rms speed of H2 equal to the rmsspeed that O2 has at 303 K?arrow_forwardAt what temperature would the rms speed of helium atoms equal a. the escape speed from Earth, 1.12 m/s b. the escape speed from the Moon, 2.37 m/s? Note: The mass of a helium atom is 6.64 x 10-27 kg and the Boltzmann’s constant isarrow_forwardAn argon-40 atom has a mass of 6.64 ✕ 10−26 kg. (a) What temperature (in K) would a gas composed entirely of argon-40 atoms have to be at in order for the rms speed of the atoms to equal the escape speed from Earth, 1.12 ✕ 104 m/s? (b) What temperature (in K) would a gas composed entirely of argon-40 atoms have to be at in order for the rms speed of the atoms to equal the escape speed from the Moon, 2.37 ✕ 103 m/s?arrow_forward
- At what temperature would the rms speed of nitrogen atoms equal the following speeds? (Note: The mass of a nitrogen atom is 2.32 ✕ 10−26 kg.) (a) the escape speed from Earth, 1.12 ✕ 104 m/s K(b) the escape speed from the Moon, 2.37 ✕ 103 m/s Karrow_forwardA thermocouple, with a spherical junction diameter of 0.5 mm, is used for measuring the temperature of hot air flow in a circular duct. The convection heat transfer coefficient of the air flow can be related with the diameter (D) of the spherical junction and the average air flow velocity (V) as h = 2.2(V/D)0.5, where D, h, and V are in m, W/m2?K and m/s, respectively. The properties of the thermocouple junction are k = 35 W/m?K, r = 8500 kg/m3, and cp = 320 J/kg?K. Determine the minimum air flow velocity that the thermocouple can be used, if the maximum response time of the thermocouple to register 99 percent of the initial temperature difference is 5 s.arrow_forwardThe rms speed of a certain sample of ammonia molecules, with a molecular weight of 17 g/mol, is 328 m/s. What is the rms speed of carbon monoxide molecules, with a molecular weight of 28 g/mol, at the same temperature?arrow_forward
- At what temperature would the rms speed of helium atoms equal (a) the escape speed from Earth, 1.12 × 104 m/s and (b) the escape speed from the Moon, 2.37 × 103 m/s? (See Chapter 7 for a discussion of escape speed.) Note: The mass of a helium atom is 6.64 × 10–27 kg.arrow_forwardWhat is the rms (root means square) speed of nitrogen molecule at a temperature of 400 K ?Assume that nitrogen behaves as an ideal gas .arrow_forwardSome incandescent light bulbs are filled with argon, because it is an inert gas.An argon atom has a mass of 6.63 ×10−26 kg. What is the rms speed, in meters per second, for argon atoms near the filament, assuming their temperature is 2350 K?arrow_forward
arrow_back_ios
arrow_forward_ios
Recommended textbooks for you
Principles of Physics: A Calculus-Based TextPhysicsISBN:9781133104261Author:Raymond A. Serway, John W. JewettPublisher:Cengage Learning
Physics for Scientists and Engineers: Foundations...PhysicsISBN:9781133939146Author:Katz, Debora M.Publisher:Cengage Learning
Physics for Scientists and Engineers, Technology ...PhysicsISBN:9781305116399Author:Raymond A. Serway, John W. JewettPublisher:Cengage Learning
Physics for Scientists and EngineersPhysicsISBN:9781337553278Author:Raymond A. Serway, John W. JewettPublisher:Cengage Learning
Physics for Scientists and Engineers with Modern ...PhysicsISBN:9781337553292Author:Raymond A. Serway, John W. JewettPublisher:Cengage Learning
Principles of Physics: A Calculus-Based Text
Physics
ISBN:9781133104261
Author:Raymond A. Serway, John W. Jewett
Publisher:Cengage Learning
Physics for Scientists and Engineers: Foundations...
Physics
ISBN:9781133939146
Author:Katz, Debora M.
Publisher:Cengage Learning
Physics for Scientists and Engineers, Technology ...
Physics
ISBN:9781305116399
Author:Raymond A. Serway, John W. Jewett
Publisher:Cengage Learning
Physics for Scientists and Engineers
Physics
ISBN:9781337553278
Author:Raymond A. Serway, John W. Jewett
Publisher:Cengage Learning
Physics for Scientists and Engineers with Modern ...
Physics
ISBN:9781337553292
Author:Raymond A. Serway, John W. Jewett
Publisher:Cengage Learning