Concept explainers
(a)
Interpretation: The possible side products in the direct conversion of compound 1 to compound 3 have to be identified.
Concept Introduction:
Hydrolysis of
Using water or hydroxide as nucleophile, alkyl halides can be converted into alcohols. The overall reaction is known as hydrolysis of alkyl halides.
General Scheme:
Hydrolysis of nitriles:
Nitriles on hydrolysis get converted into
General scheme:
(b)
Interpretation: A complete mechanism for the given two step synthesis has to be drawn
Concept Introduction:
- It is a bimolecular reaction where breaking and making of bond undergoes in a single step.
- The nucleophile attacks from the backside of electrophilic carbon and forms a bond between carbon and nucleophile. At the same time, the bond between carbon and leaving group breaks.
General mechanism for
Hydrolysis of ester:
Esters on hydrolysis get converted into carboxylic acids.
General scheme:
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