LIFE: THE SCIENCE OF BIOLOGY
11th Edition
ISBN: 9781319145125
Author: Sadava
Publisher: MAC HIGHER
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Chapter 20.1, Problem 3R
Summary Introduction
To review:
The ways, in which selections are done by humans in the agricultural crop, are different from natural selection. Also, give an example of a trait, which might get favored by artificial selection in agriculture but not by natural selection in a wild population.
Introduction:
Gene evolution constantly occurs in natural populations by an evolutionary process known as natural selection. The traits, which provide an evolutionary benefit to an organism, get selected and are passed on to the future generations. When this selection process is modified by human beings to select certain traits, such as in the case of agricultural crops, it is known as artificial selection or selective breeding.
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LIFE: THE SCIENCE OF BIOLOGY
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- One problem with this line of criticism is that it is difficult to distinguish good forms of manipulating nature from unacceptable ones. Some critics of GMOs argue that we ought to leave species as we find them, and that it is the cross-species transfers of genetic material involved in some GMOs that make them unacceptable. One problem with this objection is that similar transfers have occurred in nature—from basic plant genetics to the long-term patterns of evolution. Please explain what does it meanarrow_forwardYou are studying two genetic loci that are on the same chromosome. One of the loci is a gene that produces darker feathers in dark environments in birds. The second locus is a gene associated with metabolism. In your research you find that the second locus is not under selection, but the first locus is undergoing positive selection. The positive selection at the first locus is increasing a specific allele at the second locus. This discovery of yours is best described as which of the following? a. Recombinaton b. Linkage equilibrium c. Genetic hitchhiking d. Chromosome inversionarrow_forwardWhy does stabilizing selection decrease geneticdiversity?arrow_forward
- Describe How is selective breeding similar and different from natural selection?arrow_forwardHow Disruptive selection is bidirectional ?arrow_forwardStudents in a genetics laboratory began an experiment in an attempt to increase heat tolerance in two strains of Drosophila melanogaster. One strain was trapped from the wild six weeks before the experiment was to begin; the other was obtained from a Drosophila repository at a university laboratory. In which strain would you expect to see the most rapid and extensive response to heat-tolerance selection, and why?arrow_forward
- https://www.researchgate.net/publication/235324145_Quantitative_Genetic_Application_in_the_Selection_Process_for_Livestock_Production Give a brief discussion about the study above mainly about genetics and variationarrow_forwardWhat is a lethal allele? Would you expect most lethal alleles to be recessive (that is, only ll is fatal), or would you expect many of them to be dominant (LL and Ll are both fatal)? Do you think a plant carrying a dominant lethal allele would survive very long? Do you think such a plant could become abundant in the population?arrow_forwardWhich of the following is the LEAST CONVINCING argument against micromutationism? Advantageous mutations of large effect are more resistant to loss by drift than advantageous mutations of small effect. Mutations of small effect are more likely to be advantageous than mutations of large effect. Empirical studies suggest that some adaptive traits are governed at least in part by loci of large phenotypic effect.arrow_forward
- What is disruptive selection ?arrow_forwardThe evolution of a qualitative trait in reponse to natural selection is described by the following equation, R=h2 S a) What is h2 and what does it measure? b) Describe a study that would allow you to estimate h2 for a real populationarrow_forwardArtificial selection is when people selectively choose individuals with a certain desired trait to use as parents of the next generation. It is done to domesticated (or semi-domesticated) organisms. It has produced such monstrosities as bubble-eyed goldfish, revealing the potential for selection acting on heritable variation to produce varieties appearing very different than their ancestors. How is that different from natural selection? (Select all that apply) A- In artificial selection, humans directly cause new mutations to occur, whereas natural selection relies on mutations that occur randomly over time. B- Artificial selection can lead to organisms that would be unfit to survive in the wild, whereas natural selection usually makes the population better adapted. C- Artificial selection is directed ahead of time towards an intentional goal; not so with natural selection. D- Really, they are exactly the same process. Both cause what seems to be design without a designer. E-…arrow_forward
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