Biology: Life on Earth with Physiology Plus Mastering Biology with Pearson eText -- Access Card Package (11th Edition)
11th Edition
ISBN: 9780133910605
Author: Gerald Audesirk, Teresa Audesirk, Bruce E. Byers
Publisher: PEARSON
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Chapter 20.2, Problem 1ET
As part of a study on the relationship between inflammatory bowel disease and the microbiome, researchers analyzed samples from the digestive tracts or 20 sets of identical twins in which one twin had the disease and the other did not. The researchers were able to determine the microbial diversity in each sample. Do you expect that samples from the healthy group will differ from samples from the ill group? If so, in what way? Why? Why did the researchers use twins in this study?
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Targeted metagenomics is helping researchers better understand the complex connectios between diet, the microbiome, and health. The follow data show the relative abundance of microbes in the gut of patients with and without celiac dieases. which of the following is NOT a correct interpretation of this chart?
- Bacteroidetes are a bigger fraction of the microbiome in patients without celiac dieases that in patients with it.
- The gut microbiome of patients with celiac dieases is more diverse.
- Firmicutes make up the biggest fraction of the microbiome in patients both with and without celiac dieases.
- Unclassified microbes are a larger portion of the microbiome of patients with celeiac dieases.
Which of the following is NOT true about Koch's postulates?
First developed by Robert Koch, the pioneering German microbiologist
In the first step, the microbe that causes a naturally occurring disease is cultured from a "wild"
(non-laboratory) animal which has that disease
None of the other four answers (All are true about Koch's Postulates)
They represent a process for showing a causal association between a specific microbe and a
disease
If the same microbe from a diseased "wild" (non-laboratory) host causes the same disease in a
lab animal and it can be cultured from that lab animal, this proves that the microbe is the cause
of the naturally occurring disease
Identifying an unknown bacterium is an essential step in the diagnosis and treatment process. Since not every antibiotic is effective against every type of bacteria, knowing what caused a particular infection allows us to make correct prescriptions so patients can recover more quickly. Knowing the cause of an infection also prevents antibiotic resistance as well, since incorrect prescriptions allow bacteria to be unnecessarily be exposed to antibiotics, increasing the chances of developing resistance.
Chapter 20 Solutions
Biology: Life on Earth with Physiology Plus Mastering Biology with Pearson eText -- Access Card Package (11th Edition)
Ch. 20.1 - describe some differences between bacteria and...Ch. 20.1 - describe the typical sizes and shapes of...Ch. 20.2 - Unwelcome Dinner Guests A few of the bacteria that...Ch. 20.2 - describe the range of environments inhabited by...Ch. 20.2 - As part of a study on the relationship between...Ch. 20.2 - Unpleasant breath odors are caused mainly by...Ch. 20.2 - What might explain the observation that most...Ch. 20.2 - describe adaptations that help protect prokaryotes...Ch. 20.2 - Some of the enzymes that have important uses in...Ch. 20.2 - explain how prokaryotes reproduce and exchange...
Ch. 20.2 - What is the main advantage of prokaryotic fission,...Ch. 20.3 - Unwelcome Dinner Guests Many of the bacteria...Ch. 20.3 - explain how prokaryotes affect animal and plant...Ch. 20.3 - If all of Earths nitrogen-fixing prokaryotes were...Ch. 20.3 - explain prokaryotes role in nutrient recycling?Ch. 20.3 - describe how prokaryotes help clean up pollution?Ch. 20.3 - describe some of the pathogenic bacteria that...Ch. 20.4 - Unwelcome Dinner Guests How do harmful bacteria...Ch. 20.4 - describe the structure and characteristics of...Ch. 20.4 - Why are viruses unable to replicate outside of a...Ch. 20.4 - describe the effects they can have on host...Ch. 20.4 - Biotechnologists often use viruses to transfer...Ch. 20 - Prob. 1ACCh. 20 - ____________, have peptidoglycan in...Ch. 20 - The name of the process by which DNA is...Ch. 20 - Describe some of the ways in which prokaryotes...Ch. 20 - Before the discovery of prions, many (perhaps...Ch. 20 - Prokaryotic cells are ____________,...Ch. 20 - A community of prokaryotes surrounded by slime and...Ch. 20 - What are nitrogen-fixing bacteria, and what role...Ch. 20 - Many prokaryotes use ____________ to move about....Ch. 20 - Which of the following statements about archaea is...Ch. 20 - Describe some of the extreme environments in which...Ch. 20 - ____________,bacteria inhabit environments that...Ch. 20 - Viruses a. are usually photosynthetic. b. consist...Ch. 20 - What is an endospore? What is its function?Ch. 20 - Prokaryotes reproduce by ____________ and may...Ch. 20 - Applying fertilizer near an oil spill to Increase...Ch. 20 - What is conjugation? What role do plasmids play in...Ch. 20 - The plant nutrient ammonium is produced by...Ch. 20 - Why are prokaryotes especially useful in...Ch. 20 - Cholera, gonorrhea, and pneumonia are some of the...Ch. 20 - Describe the structure of a typical virus. How do...Ch. 20 - A virus consists of a molecule of __________ or...Ch. 20 - Describe some examples of how prokaryotes are...Ch. 20 - How do archaea and bacteria differ? How do...
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