Whether each of the given structures is D -glyceraldehyde or L -glyceraldehyde is to be stated. Concept Introduction: The configurations of carbohydrates are described by the notations “ D ” and “ L ”. In Fischer projection carbon chain is depicted vertically. All the carbon atoms of the chain are represented by the center of the crossing line. The functional group like ketone group has the lowest possible priority two and the aldehydic group has the lowest priority one. Almost all the sugars found in nature are D -sugars. The mirror image of D -sugar is L -sugar. The notations “ D ” and “ L ” are based on the presence of “OH” group. If the “OH” group attached to the bottommost asymmetric center of a Fischer projection, is on the right then the compound is a D -sugar. If that same “OH” group is on the left, then the compound is an L -sugar.

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Answer 1

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Definition Definition Organic compounds that have a carbonyl group, C=O, as their functional group. The carbonyl group in aldehydes is placed at the end of the molecular structure, which means the C=O is attached to one hydrogen atom and an alkyl group or a benzene ring. Just like all the other homologous series in organic chemistry, the naming of aldehydes uses the suffix “-al”. The general molecular formula is C n H 2n O.

Chapter 20.2, Problem 3P

a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Whether each of the given structures is D-glyceraldehyde or L-glyceraldehyde is to be stated.

Concept Introduction:

The configurations of carbohydrates are described by the notations “D” and “L”. In Fischer projection carbon chain is depicted vertically.

All the carbon atoms of the chain are represented by the center of the crossing line. The functional group like ketone group has the lowest possible priority two and the aldehydic group has the lowest priority one.

Almost all the sugars found in nature are D-sugars. The mirror image of D-sugar is L-sugar.

The notations “D” and “L” are based on the presence of “OH” group. If the “OH” group attached to the bottommost asymmetric center of a Fischer projection, is on the right then the compound is a D-sugar. If that same “OH” group is on the left, then the compound is an L-sugar.

b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Whether each of the given structures is D-glyceraldehyde or L-glyceraldehyde is to be stated.

Concept Introduction:

The configurations of carbohydrates are described by the notations “D” and “L”. In Fischer projection carbon chain is depicted vertically. All the carbon atoms of the chain are represented by the center of the crossing line.

The functional group like ketone group has the lowest possible priority two and the aldehydic group has the lowest priority one.

Almost all the sugars found in nature are D-sugars. The mirror image of D-sugar is L-sugar.

The notations “D” and “L” are based on the presence of “OH” group. If the “OH” group attached to the bottommost asymmetric center of a Fischer projection, is on the right then the compound is a D-sugar. If that same “OH” group is on the left, then the compound is an L-sugar.

c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Whether each of the given structures is D-glyceraldehyde or L-glyceraldehyde is to be stated.

Concept Introduction:

The configurations of carbohydrates are described by the notations “D” and “L”. In Fischer projection carbon chain is depicted vertically. All the carbon atoms of the chain are represented by the center of the crossing line.

The functional group like ketone group has the lowest possible priority two and the aldehydic group has the lowest priority one.

Almost all the sugars found in nature are D-sugars. The mirror image of D-sugar is L-sugar.

The notations “D” and “L” are based on the presence of “OH” group. If the “OH” group attached to the bottommost asymmetric center of a Fischer projection, is on the right then the compound is a D-sugar. If that same “OH” group is on the left, then the compound is an L-sugar.

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Answer 2

Question

Definition Definition Organic compounds that have a carbonyl group, C=O, as their functional group. The carbonyl group in aldehydes is placed at the end of the molecular structure, which means the C=O is attached to one hydrogen atom and an alkyl group or a benzene ring. Just like all the other homologous series in organic chemistry, the naming of aldehydes uses the suffix “-al”. The general molecular formula is C n H 2n O.

Chapter 20.2, Problem 3P

a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Whether each of the given structures is D-glyceraldehyde or L-glyceraldehyde is to be stated.

Concept Introduction:

The configurations of carbohydrates are described by the notations “D” and “L”. In Fischer projection carbon chain is depicted vertically.

All the carbon atoms of the chain are represented by the center of the crossing line. The functional group like ketone group has the lowest possible priority two and the aldehydic group has the lowest priority one.

Almost all the sugars found in nature are D-sugars. The mirror image of D-sugar is L-sugar.

The notations “D” and “L” are based on the presence of “OH” group. If the “OH” group attached to the bottommost asymmetric center of a Fischer projection, is on the right then the compound is a D-sugar. If that same “OH” group is on the left, then the compound is an L-sugar.

b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Whether each of the given structures is D-glyceraldehyde or L-glyceraldehyde is to be stated.

Concept Introduction:

The configurations of carbohydrates are described by the notations “D” and “L”. In Fischer projection carbon chain is depicted vertically. All the carbon atoms of the chain are represented by the center of the crossing line.

The functional group like ketone group has the lowest possible priority two and the aldehydic group has the lowest priority one.

Almost all the sugars found in nature are D-sugars. The mirror image of D-sugar is L-sugar.

The notations “D” and “L” are based on the presence of “OH” group. If the “OH” group attached to the bottommost asymmetric center of a Fischer projection, is on the right then the compound is a D-sugar. If that same “OH” group is on the left, then the compound is an L-sugar.

c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Whether each of the given structures is D-glyceraldehyde or L-glyceraldehyde is to be stated.

Concept Introduction:

The configurations of carbohydrates are described by the notations “D” and “L”. In Fischer projection carbon chain is depicted vertically. All the carbon atoms of the chain are represented by the center of the crossing line.

The functional group like ketone group has the lowest possible priority two and the aldehydic group has the lowest priority one.

Almost all the sugars found in nature are D-sugars. The mirror image of D-sugar is L-sugar.

The notations “D” and “L” are based on the presence of “OH” group. If the “OH” group attached to the bottommost asymmetric center of a Fischer projection, is on the right then the compound is a D-sugar. If that same “OH” group is on the left, then the compound is an L-sugar.

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Answer 3

Question

Definition Definition Organic compounds that have a carbonyl group, C=O, as their functional group. The carbonyl group in aldehydes is placed at the end of the molecular structure, which means the C=O is attached to one hydrogen atom and an alkyl group or a benzene ring. Just like all the other homologous series in organic chemistry, the naming of aldehydes uses the suffix “-al”. The general molecular formula is C n H 2n O.

Chapter 20.2, Problem 3P

a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Whether each of the given structures is D-glyceraldehyde or L-glyceraldehyde is to be stated.

Concept Introduction:

The configurations of carbohydrates are described by the notations “D” and “L”. In Fischer projection carbon chain is depicted vertically.

All the carbon atoms of the chain are represented by the center of the crossing line. The functional group like ketone group has the lowest possible priority two and the aldehydic group has the lowest priority one.

Almost all the sugars found in nature are D-sugars. The mirror image of D-sugar is L-sugar.

The notations “D” and “L” are based on the presence of “OH” group. If the “OH” group attached to the bottommost asymmetric center of a Fischer projection, is on the right then the compound is a D-sugar. If that same “OH” group is on the left, then the compound is an L-sugar.

b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Whether each of the given structures is D-glyceraldehyde or L-glyceraldehyde is to be stated.

Concept Introduction:

The configurations of carbohydrates are described by the notations “D” and “L”. In Fischer projection carbon chain is depicted vertically. All the carbon atoms of the chain are represented by the center of the crossing line.

The functional group like ketone group has the lowest possible priority two and the aldehydic group has the lowest priority one.

Almost all the sugars found in nature are D-sugars. The mirror image of D-sugar is L-sugar.

The notations “D” and “L” are based on the presence of “OH” group. If the “OH” group attached to the bottommost asymmetric center of a Fischer projection, is on the right then the compound is a D-sugar. If that same “OH” group is on the left, then the compound is an L-sugar.

c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Whether each of the given structures is D-glyceraldehyde or L-glyceraldehyde is to be stated.

Concept Introduction:

The configurations of carbohydrates are described by the notations “D” and “L”. In Fischer projection carbon chain is depicted vertically. All the carbon atoms of the chain are represented by the center of the crossing line.

The functional group like ketone group has the lowest possible priority two and the aldehydic group has the lowest priority one.

Almost all the sugars found in nature are D-sugars. The mirror image of D-sugar is L-sugar.

The notations “D” and “L” are based on the presence of “OH” group. If the “OH” group attached to the bottommost asymmetric center of a Fischer projection, is on the right then the compound is a D-sugar. If that same “OH” group is on the left, then the compound is an L-sugar.

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Answer 4

Question

Definition Definition Organic compounds that have a carbonyl group, C=O, as their functional group. The carbonyl group in aldehydes is placed at the end of the molecular structure, which means the C=O is attached to one hydrogen atom and an alkyl group or a benzene ring. Just like all the other homologous series in organic chemistry, the naming of aldehydes uses the suffix “-al”. The general molecular formula is C n H 2n O.

Chapter 20.2, Problem 3P

a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Whether each of the given structures is D-glyceraldehyde or L-glyceraldehyde is to be stated.

Concept Introduction:

The configurations of carbohydrates are described by the notations “D” and “L”. In Fischer projection carbon chain is depicted vertically.

All the carbon atoms of the chain are represented by the center of the crossing line. The functional group like ketone group has the lowest possible priority two and the aldehydic group has the lowest priority one.

Almost all the sugars found in nature are D-sugars. The mirror image of D-sugar is L-sugar.

The notations “D” and “L” are based on the presence of “OH” group. If the “OH” group attached to the bottommost asymmetric center of a Fischer projection, is on the right then the compound is a D-sugar. If that same “OH” group is on the left, then the compound is an L-sugar.

b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Whether each of the given structures is D-glyceraldehyde or L-glyceraldehyde is to be stated.

Concept Introduction:

The configurations of carbohydrates are described by the notations “D” and “L”. In Fischer projection carbon chain is depicted vertically. All the carbon atoms of the chain are represented by the center of the crossing line.

The functional group like ketone group has the lowest possible priority two and the aldehydic group has the lowest priority one.

Almost all the sugars found in nature are D-sugars. The mirror image of D-sugar is L-sugar.

The notations “D” and “L” are based on the presence of “OH” group. If the “OH” group attached to the bottommost asymmetric center of a Fischer projection, is on the right then the compound is a D-sugar. If that same “OH” group is on the left, then the compound is an L-sugar.

c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Whether each of the given structures is D-glyceraldehyde or L-glyceraldehyde is to be stated.

Concept Introduction:

The configurations of carbohydrates are described by the notations “D” and “L”. In Fischer projection carbon chain is depicted vertically. All the carbon atoms of the chain are represented by the center of the crossing line.

The functional group like ketone group has the lowest possible priority two and the aldehydic group has the lowest priority one.

Almost all the sugars found in nature are D-sugars. The mirror image of D-sugar is L-sugar.

The notations “D” and “L” are based on the presence of “OH” group. If the “OH” group attached to the bottommost asymmetric center of a Fischer projection, is on the right then the compound is a D-sugar. If that same “OH” group is on the left, then the compound is an L-sugar.

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Answer 5

Chapter 20.2, Problem 3P

a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Whether each of the given structures is D-glyceraldehyde or L-glyceraldehyde is to be stated.

Concept Introduction:

The configurations of carbohydrates are described by the notations “D” and “L”. In Fischer projection carbon chain is depicted vertically.

All the carbon atoms of the chain are represented by the center of the crossing line. The functional group like ketone group has the lowest possible priority two and the aldehydic group has the lowest priority one.

Almost all the sugars found in nature are D-sugars. The mirror image of D-sugar is L-sugar.

The notations “D” and “L” are based on the presence of “OH” group. If the “OH” group attached to the bottommost asymmetric center of a Fischer projection, is on the right then the compound is a D-sugar. If that same “OH” group is on the left, then the compound is an L-sugar.

b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Whether each of the given structures is D-glyceraldehyde or L-glyceraldehyde is to be stated.

Concept Introduction:

The configurations of carbohydrates are described by the notations “D” and “L”. In Fischer projection carbon chain is depicted vertically. All the carbon atoms of the chain are represented by the center of the crossing line.

The functional group like ketone group has the lowest possible priority two and the aldehydic group has the lowest priority one.

Almost all the sugars found in nature are D-sugars. The mirror image of D-sugar is L-sugar.

The notations “D” and “L” are based on the presence of “OH” group. If the “OH” group attached to the bottommost asymmetric center of a Fischer projection, is on the right then the compound is a D-sugar. If that same “OH” group is on the left, then the compound is an L-sugar.

c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Whether each of the given structures is D-glyceraldehyde or L-glyceraldehyde is to be stated.

Concept Introduction:

The configurations of carbohydrates are described by the notations “D” and “L”. In Fischer projection carbon chain is depicted vertically. All the carbon atoms of the chain are represented by the center of the crossing line.

The functional group like ketone group has the lowest possible priority two and the aldehydic group has the lowest priority one.

Almost all the sugars found in nature are D-sugars. The mirror image of D-sugar is L-sugar.

The notations “D” and “L” are based on the presence of “OH” group. If the “OH” group attached to the bottommost asymmetric center of a Fischer projection, is on the right then the compound is a D-sugar. If that same “OH” group is on the left, then the compound is an L-sugar.

Answer 6

Chapter 20.2, Problem 3P

a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Whether each of the given structures is D-glyceraldehyde or L-glyceraldehyde is to be stated.

Concept Introduction:

The configurations of carbohydrates are described by the notations “D” and “L”. In Fischer projection carbon chain is depicted vertically.

All the carbon atoms of the chain are represented by the center of the crossing line. The functional group like ketone group has the lowest possible priority two and the aldehydic group has the lowest priority one.

Almost all the sugars found in nature are D-sugars. The mirror image of D-sugar is L-sugar.

The notations “D” and “L” are based on the presence of “OH” group. If the “OH” group attached to the bottommost asymmetric center of a Fischer projection, is on the right then the compound is a D-sugar. If that same “OH” group is on the left, then the compound is an L-sugar.

Answer 7

Chapter 20.2, Problem 3P

a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Whether each of the given structures is D-glyceraldehyde or L-glyceraldehyde is to be stated.

Concept Introduction:

The configurations of carbohydrates are described by the notations “D” and “L”. In Fischer projection carbon chain is depicted vertically.

All the carbon atoms of the chain are represented by the center of the crossing line. The functional group like ketone group has the lowest possible priority two and the aldehydic group has the lowest priority one.

Almost all the sugars found in nature are D-sugars. The mirror image of D-sugar is L-sugar.

The notations “D” and “L” are based on the presence of “OH” group. If the “OH” group attached to the bottommost asymmetric center of a Fischer projection, is on the right then the compound is a D-sugar. If that same “OH” group is on the left, then the compound is an L-sugar.

Answer 8

b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Whether each of the given structures is D-glyceraldehyde or L-glyceraldehyde is to be stated.

Concept Introduction:

The configurations of carbohydrates are described by the notations “D” and “L”. In Fischer projection carbon chain is depicted vertically. All the carbon atoms of the chain are represented by the center of the crossing line.

The functional group like ketone group has the lowest possible priority two and the aldehydic group has the lowest priority one.

Almost all the sugars found in nature are D-sugars. The mirror image of D-sugar is L-sugar.

The notations “D” and “L” are based on the presence of “OH” group. If the “OH” group attached to the bottommost asymmetric center of a Fischer projection, is on the right then the compound is a D-sugar. If that same “OH” group is on the left, then the compound is an L-sugar.

Answer 9

b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Whether each of the given structures is D-glyceraldehyde or L-glyceraldehyde is to be stated.

Concept Introduction:

The configurations of carbohydrates are described by the notations “D” and “L”. In Fischer projection carbon chain is depicted vertically. All the carbon atoms of the chain are represented by the center of the crossing line.

The functional group like ketone group has the lowest possible priority two and the aldehydic group has the lowest priority one.

Almost all the sugars found in nature are D-sugars. The mirror image of D-sugar is L-sugar.

The notations “D” and “L” are based on the presence of “OH” group. If the “OH” group attached to the bottommost asymmetric center of a Fischer projection, is on the right then the compound is a D-sugar. If that same “OH” group is on the left, then the compound is an L-sugar.

Answer 10

c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Whether each of the given structures is D-glyceraldehyde or L-glyceraldehyde is to be stated.

Concept Introduction:

The configurations of carbohydrates are described by the notations “D” and “L”. In Fischer projection carbon chain is depicted vertically. All the carbon atoms of the chain are represented by the center of the crossing line.

The functional group like ketone group has the lowest possible priority two and the aldehydic group has the lowest priority one.

Almost all the sugars found in nature are D-sugars. The mirror image of D-sugar is L-sugar.

The notations “D” and “L” are based on the presence of “OH” group. If the “OH” group attached to the bottommost asymmetric center of a Fischer projection, is on the right then the compound is a D-sugar. If that same “OH” group is on the left, then the compound is an L-sugar.

Answer 11

c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Whether each of the given structures is D-glyceraldehyde or L-glyceraldehyde is to be stated.

Concept Introduction:

The configurations of carbohydrates are described by the notations “D” and “L”. In Fischer projection carbon chain is depicted vertically. All the carbon atoms of the chain are represented by the center of the crossing line.

The functional group like ketone group has the lowest possible priority two and the aldehydic group has the lowest priority one.

Almost all the sugars found in nature are D-sugars. The mirror image of D-sugar is L-sugar.

The notations “D” and “L” are based on the presence of “OH” group. If the “OH” group attached to the bottommost asymmetric center of a Fischer projection, is on the right then the compound is a D-sugar. If that same “OH” group is on the left, then the compound is an L-sugar.

Answer 12

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Answer 13

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Answer 14

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Answer 15

Ch. 20.1 - Prob. 1P Ch. 20.2 - Prob. 2P Ch. 20.2 - Prob. 3P Ch. 20.3 - Prob. 4P Ch. 20.3 - Prob. 5P Ch. 20.3 - Prob. 6P Ch. 20.4 - Prob. 7P Ch. 20.4 - Prob. 8P Ch. 20.5 - Prob. 9P Ch. 20.5 - Prob. 10P

Solution Summary: The author explains the structure of glyceraldehyde in Fischer projection. The carbonyl group is placed on top in case of aldose and on as close to the top as possible.

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