Chapter 21, Problem 1CONQ

Discuss three important advances that have resulted from gene cloning.

Summary Introduction

To review:

The three crucial advances resulted due to the gene cloning.

Introduction:

The gene cloning is a significant molecular process which refers to making several identical copies of a gene. It is extensively used in recombinant DNA technology. The gene of interest is extracted and attached to the vector which carries it to the host cell.

Explanation of Solution

The gene cloning is extensively used in many fields. The important advances include:

1. DNA sequencing: The sequencing of the genes, extracted from the DNA genome, can provide information related to the regulatory elements, promoters and coding sequence of genes. It is also essential in the identification of alleles associated with inherited human disease and cancer. Hence, DNA sequencing helps scientists to understand genetics at a molecular level.

2. Site-directed mutagenesis: The site-directed mutagenesis causes mutation in the cloned genes which helps to reveal gene sequences of regulatory elements and promoters. It tells about the normal function of genes and alteration in the structure and function of proteins caused due to mutation.

3. Gene probes: The cloned genes can act as probes for identifying similar genes or RNA. This process is called northern blotting. They are also used to localize the genes in the chromosome.

4. Expression of cloned genes: The cloned genes can be introduced and expressed into different species. This would help in various researches which can provide information about cellular functions and coding sequences. This is extensively used in biotechnology to produce pharmaceutical products like insulin and create transgenic animals.

Conclusion

Therefore, it can be concluded that gene cloning is useful in clinical therapy, research, and biotechnology. It is used to make recombinant DNA (rDNA) and allows the expression of the gene of interest in the host cells to make a desirable protein.