BIOLOGY (LOOSELEAF)-W/CONNECT
12th Edition
ISBN: 9781260692181
Author: Raven
Publisher: MCG
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Chapter 21, Problem 1IQ
Summary Introduction
To determine: The relationship in the figure if the difference in beak shape was affected by an environmental factor and not by genetic differences.
Introduction: The theory of evolution by natural selection was proposed by Charles Darwin. According to this theory, the population should have a
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What is the common ancestor of the Galapagos finches? What are the thirteen Galapagos finches? What characteristics make each of the thirteen finches a distinct species? How is each finch isolated from the others? What habitat does each finch live?
In birds of paradise that populate tropical rainforest ecosystems, bright colored beaks and feathers are commonly found. These phenotypes continue to persist, even though brightly colored birds are more easily seen by predators. Which of the following would best describe the reason behind the persistence of these phenotypes in birds of paradise?
Darwin’s finches have different beaks in terms of size and shape to be able to eat different food sources like insects, nectar, and seeds. Cactus finches have longer, more pointed beaks to probe cactus flowers compared to their relatives, the ground finches.
If a plant disease killed a large portion of the cacti on the Galapagos islands, what would the future populations of finches look like in terms of beak size and shape? Use your knowledge of natural selection to determine which option is most likely.
Ground finches would survive and pass on their shorter and wider beaks, so there would be a higher proportion of finches in future generations that have short and wide beaks.
Ground finches would survive and pass on their beaks, but they would mate with the remaining cactus finches, creating a new hybrid that is somewhere between short versus long and narrow versus wide.
Cactus finches would compete for food with ground finches and exhibit resource partitioning, so the beaks…
Chapter 21 Solutions
BIOLOGY (LOOSELEAF)-W/CONNECT
Ch. 21.1 - Prob. 1LOCh. 21.1 - Prob. 2LOCh. 21.2 - Prob. 1LOCh. 21.2 - Distinguish between demonstrating that evolution...Ch. 21.3 - Contrast the processes of artificial and natural...Ch. 21.3 - Prob. 2LOCh. 21.4 - Prob. 1LOCh. 21.4 - Prob. 2LOCh. 21.4 - Prob. 3LOCh. 21.5 - Explain the evolutionary significance of...
Ch. 21.5 - Prob. 2LOCh. 21.6 - Prob. 1LOCh. 21.6 - Prob. 2LOCh. 21.7 - Characterize the criticisms of evolutionary theory...Ch. 21.7 - Prob. 2LOCh. 21 - Suppose that a male with a beak depth of 10 mm...Ch. 21 - Prob. 1IQCh. 21 - Prob. 2IQCh. 21 - Prob. 3IQCh. 21 - Why might the evolutionary line leading to...Ch. 21 - Artificial selection is different from natural...Ch. 21 - Gaps in the fossil record a. demonstrate our...Ch. 21 - The evolution of modern horses (Equus) is best...Ch. 21 - Homologous structures a. are structures in two or...Ch. 21 - Convergent evolution a. is an example of...Ch. 21 - Prob. 6UCh. 21 - The possession of fine fur in 5-month human...Ch. 21 - In Darwins finches, a. occurrence of wet and dry...Ch. 21 - Prob. 2ACh. 21 - Convergent evolution is often seen among species...Ch. 21 - What conditions are necessary for evolution by...Ch. 21 - Explain how data shown in figure 21.2a and b...Ch. 21 - Prob. 3SCh. 21 - Refer to figure 21.5, artificial selection in the...Ch. 21 - The ancestor of horses was a small, many-toed...
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- One of Darwin’s finches, the medium ground finch (Geospiza fortis), is found on the small island of Daphne Major. These finches are seedeating birds. A major drought occurred on the island in 1977. Following the drought, the average beak size of medium ground finches had increased about 3%–4%. Why might a drought lead to an evolutionary change in beak size? Propose a hypothesis and explain how you could go about testing it.arrow_forwardWhat contributed to the natural selection of the finches' beaks?arrow_forwardWhat is migration? Why do animals show this phenomenon?arrow_forward
- What is the primary physical feature in which the species of finches differ?arrow_forwardPeter Boag, studied the inheritance of beak depth in Galapagos finches by looking at the relationship between parent beak depth (in mm) and that of their offspring. He collected two sets of parent offspring data, once in 1976 and again in 1978. For both years he followed birds to determine which pairs belonged to which nests. Most of the parents had been previously captured so their beak depths were known. He then captured the offspring when they fledged and measured their beak depth. He calculated the "midparent" beak depth (the average beak depth of the two parents) and then compared that to beak depth of their offspring. Here is what he found in 1976: Assume that in 1978, all the finches with beak depths less than 9.0 mm died due to prolonged drought. Use your knowledge of how quantitative traits respond to selection and the following relationship, R = h2S, to determine the following: Selection differential. Predicted response…arrow_forwardYou want to distinguish between two hypotheses to explain the patterns you see: 1) Males not feeding the young is an adaptation to dimorphism 2) If males don't feed the young in a species, it will allow them to become brightly colored To begin to address this question, map the characters changes in dimorphism and males feeding the young onto each of the trees on the previous page. CHARACTER SEXUAL DIMORPHISM MALES FEED YOUNG Cassin's Vireo No No Red Fox Sparrow Cape May Warbler Cedar Waxwing Golden-Crowned Kinglet Pyrrhuloxia Yes No No No No Yes No Yes Yes No California Gull No Yes Note: This data is fictional 5) Which of the hypotheses in part 4 is consistent with your analysis? Explain why in a brief paragraph.arrow_forward
- How do mechanisms of speciation, such as genetic isolation, reproductive barriers, and ecological factors, apply to the human-chimp-gorilla trichotomy? Discuss the role of these mechanisms in driving speciation and shaping the evolutionary relationships among humans, chimps, and gorillas, based on genetic evidence such as comparative genomics and molecular phylogenetics.arrow_forwardDetermine if the following pairs are HOMOLOGOUS STRUCTURES or ANALOGOUS STRUCTURES 1.) Bat wing and bird wing 2.) Dragonfly wing and hummingbrind wing 3.) Dragonfly wing and bumbleebee wingarrow_forwardIf heavy rains caused an abundance of small, tender seeds and fewer large seeds, what do you predict would happen to the average beak size of the finches?arrow_forward
- If an altered structure, such as the long neck of the giraffe, is advantageous, why don’t all species have that structure?arrow_forwardOstrich wings are vestigial because they are too rudimentary to perform the function for which they evolved in the species’ flying ancestor. Nonetheless, the ostrich uses its wings for other purposes. For example, an ostrich may extend its wings to the side while running, to help maintain balance, and it may spread its wings as part of a threat display. These uses show that evolution by natural selection can sometimes repurpose vestigial structures that have lost the function for which they originally evolved. But whether a vestigial structure remains useless or acquires a new function, it is homologous to the version that retains its original function in other organisms and provides evidence of common ancestry. But are all similarities between different organisms the result of shared ancestry?arrow_forwardWhat type of evolution does a bird have? Divergent, Convergent, or Parallel?arrow_forward
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